MICROBIO_LAB_MIDTERMS_MYCOLOGY

Nosocomial infections

What are hospital acquired infections called?

Cellulases

What are the extracellular enzymes that decompose hard part of plants?

Mycorrhizae

What symbiotic fungi do all plants depend on?

Helps roots absorb minerals & H2O from the soil

What is the use of Mycorrhizae?

Cellulose & Lignin

What do ants cultivate that breaks down to ______ & _____ from plants?

Glucose

What do ants get from Cellulose & Lignin?

Food = Mushroom, Bread & Citric Acid
Drugs = Penicillin & ROH

What is the use of Fungi for Humans in terms of:
Food?
Drugs?

200

How many species of Fungi are pathogenic to Humans & Animals?

Mycology

What is the study of Fungi?

Require organic compounds for Energy & Carbon

What does it mean for Fungi to be chemoheterotrophs?

1. Aerobic
2. Facultative anaerobic = few only

What are fungi in terms of oxygen?

1. Dark environment
2. Moist environment
3. Warm environment

What is conductive for the growth of Fungi?

1. Microscopic vs Macroscopic
2. Unicellular vs. Multicellular

What are the classification of Fungi?

1. Sporangium = contains the Spore
2. Spore
3. Sporangiophore = filaments
4. Hypha / Hyphae
5. Mycelium = many hypha = like root

What are the parts of Fungi?

1. Heterotrophic eukaryotes
2. Saprophytic
3. Reproduce sexually / asexually
4. Do not produce chlorophyll
5. Produce antibiotics

What are the characteristics of Fungi?

Saprophytic

What does it mean when Fungi reproduce, live, recycle & consume dead matter?

Heterotrophic eukaryotes

What does it mean when Fungi are enclosed by nuclear membrane & contains membrane bound organelles?

Do not produce chlorophyll

What does it mean when Fungi cannot make their own food?

Penicillin
(Penicillin chrysogenum) (Penicillin notatum)

What is an example of Antibiotic from Fungi?
SN?

1. 40s = smaller
2. 60s = larger

What are the Human Ribosomal subunits similar to Fungi subunits?

Chitin, Glucan, & Mannan

What is in the Cell Wall of Fungi?

Chitin

What is the hard & sturdy part of Fungi that is the cause why they are hard to kill?

Fungal infection (2wks)

What takes longer to cure, Fungal or Bacterial infection?

Peptidoglycan

What is in the cell wall of Bacteria?

No Cell Wall

What is in the call wall of Animal Cells?

1. NAG = N-acetylglucosamine
2. NAM = N-acetylmuramic acid

What is in the peptidoglycan of Bacteria?

NAG = N-acetylglucosamine

What is in the Chitin of Fungi?

Proteins

What are the mannan in the Cell wall of Fungi?

Ergosterol

What is the cell membrane of Fungi?

Yes, they are heterotrophic eukaryotes

Do Fungi have cell-membrane organelles?

Septa / Septum

What is the part of Fungi that separates 2 fungal cells?

Many septum

Hoe many septum do a hypha have?

No, they are easer to kill

Is a fungi w/o septum not easier to kill?

Phytosterol

What is in the cell membrane of Plants?

Cholesterol

What is in the cell membrane of Humans & Animals?

Ergosterol

What is in the cell membrane of Fungi?

Eukaryote

What is the cell type of Fungi?

Sterols = Ergosterol

What is in the cell membrane of Fungi?

Chitin, mannans, & Glucan

What is the cell wall of Fungi?

Sexual & Asexually reproductive spores

How do Fungi spores reproduce?

Limited to heterotrophic; aerobic & facultative anaerobic

What is the metabolism of Fungi?

Prokaryote

What is the cell type of Bacteria?

No, sterols are absent except in Mycoplasma

Are sterols present in Bacteria?

Peptidoglycan

What is in the Cell Wall of Bacteria?

Endospores = not for reproduction ; some asexual reproductive spores

What are the spores in Bacteria?

Heterotrophic, autotrophic (make own food), aerobic, facultative anaerobic, anaerobic

What is the metabolism of Bacteria?

1. Ascomycota
2. Basidiomycota
3. Zygomycota
4. Deuteromycota

What are the 4 medically important phylla of Fungi?

Sac fungi

What is the other name of Ascomycota?

Ascus: It contains specialized sac containing asexual spores

What makes ascomycata different?

Morels, Truffles, & Yeasts

What are examples of ascomycota?

Streptomyces = bacteria

What is the exception of Ascomycota?

Basidium: club-like structure containing asexual spores

What makes Basidiomycota different?

Toadstool & Puffballs

What are examples of Basiodiomycota?

1. Zygote Fungi
2. Zygomycetes

What are the other name of Zygomycota?

Zygospore

What is the thick walled spore in Zygomycota?

1. Meat
2. Cheese
3. Bread

Where do Zygomycota grow?

(Rhizopus stolonifera)
Black Bread Mold

What is the example of Zygomycota?
Common Name?

Mitosporic & Fungi Imperfecti (Imperfect Fungi)

What is the other name of Deuteromycota?

They reproduce through mitosis

Why are Deuteromycota called Mitosporic?

They have no asexual spores

Why are Deuteromycota called Imperfect Fungi?

(Penicillium notatum & Penicillium chrysogenum)

What are examples of Deuteromycota?

1. Mycoses
2. Hypersensitivity
3. Mycotoxins
4. Mycetismus

What are the 4 types of Fungal Condition?

Mycoses

What fungal condition is the general term for fungal infection?

Hypersensitivity

What is the fungal condition that is an allergic rxn?

Mycotoxicosis

What is the type of fungal condition that is the ingestion of food contaminated w/ fungal toxin?

Alfatoxin

What is an example of Mycotoxicosis?

Improperly dried peanuts

What do alfatoxin contaminates?

1. Carcinogenic
2. Teratogenic

What are the effects of Alfatoxin?

Cause abnormalities in new borns

What is the effect of Teratogenic?

Mycetismus

What fungal condition is the ingestion of poisonous fungi?

Poisonous mushroom

What is an example of poisonous fungi?

1. Superficial
2. Cutaneous
3. Subcutaneous
4. Systemic / Deep

What are types of Mycoses?

Epidermis

What is the site of infection of Superficial?

Dermis

What is the site of infection of Cutaneous?

Fatty layer of skin

What is the site of infection of Suncutaneous?

Blood

What is the site of infection if Systemic / Deep?

1. Black Piedra
2. White Piedra
3. Tinea Versicolor / Ptyriasis Versicolor
4. Tinea Nigra

What are examples Superficial Mycoses?

(Piedra hortae)
h = hair shaft

What is the CA of Black Piedra?

Firm & Hard nodules in the hair shaft

What is the symptoms of Black Piedra?

Trichosporon beigelii
beige = white color

What is the CA of White Piedra?

Soft friable, beige, white nodule

What is the symptoms of White Piedra?

Malassezia furfur

What is the CA of Tinea Versicolor / Ptyriases versicolor?

Multi coloration of skin

What is the symptoms of Tinea versicolor?

Spaghetti & Meatballs

What is the appearance of Malassezia furfur under the microscope?

Yes,
Warm = Yeast
Cold = Mold

Is Malasezzia furfur a dimorphic fungi?

Phaeoannellomyces werneckii

What is the CA of Tinea Nigra?

Silver nitrate like stains on the palms & soles

What is the symptoms of Tinea Nigra?

Dermatophytes / Ringworm

What are the other names for Cutaneous Mycoses?

Ring = w/ ring like appearance
Worm = looks like worm under the microscope

Why are Cutaneous Mycoses also called Ringworm?

METh
1. Microsporum
2. Epidermophyton
3. Trichophyton

What are the causes of Cutaneous Mycoses?

1. KOH Mount
2. Wood's Lamp

What are the ways of Identification of Cutaneous Mycoses?

Wood's Lamp

What is the means of Cutaneous identification that uses UV light?

Tinea capitis
Cap = placed in the head

What is the ringworm of the Head?

Tinea corporis

What is the ringworm of the Body?

Tinea facie
Fac= Face

What is the ringworm of the Face?

Tinea barbae
B = Beard

What is the ringworm of the Beard?

Tinea manuum
man = manicure

What is the ringworm of the Hand?

Tinea unguium

What is the ringworm of the Nails?

Tinea axillaris

What is the ringworm of the Underarm?

Tinea cruris

What is the ringworm of the Groin?