Chall's Stages of Reading Development and Literacy Alignment Review

This set of flashcards covers Chall's Stages of Reading Development, literacy proficiency levels, and core components of foundational reading and comprehension as outlined in teacher review materials.

Chall's Stage 0: Pre-reading

Occurring from 6 months to 6 years, this 'pseudo reading' stage involves the child pretending to read, retelling stories, naming letters, and recognizing some signs.

Chall's Stage 1: Initial Reading and Decoding

Occurring ages 6 to 7 (1st grade and beginning 2nd), the child learns relations between letters and sounds and reads simple text with high frequency and phonically regular words.

Chall's Stage 2: Confirmation and Fluency

Occurring ages 7 to 8 (2nd and 3rd grade), the child consolidates basic decoding skills and sight vocabulary to read familiar stories with increasing fluency.

Chall's Stage 3: Reading for Learning the New

Occurring ages 9 to 13 (4th to 8th grade), reading is used to acquire new ideas, knowledge, and feelings, typically from a single viewpoint.

Chall's Stage 4: Multiple Viewpoints

Occurring ages 15 to 17 (10th to 12th grade), students read widely from a broad range of complex materials including sciences and humanities with varied viewpoints.

Chall's Stage 5: Construction and Reconstruction

Occurring age 18 and beyond, reading is rapid, efficient, and used to integrate one's own knowledge with others and synthesize new knowledge.

Independent Reading Level

$95\,\%$ accuracy or above; the student reads with ease, understands easily, and develops confidence and fluency.

Instructional Reading Level

$90\, \% \text{ to } 95\,\%$ accuracy; the level where new vocabulary and concepts are introduced and the greatest progress occurs during guided reading.

Frustration Reading Level

Below $90\,\%$ accuracy; decoding, vocabulary, and concepts are too difficult for the student, and the teacher should read the text to them.

Prosody

A component of reading fluency involving reading with appropriate expression, inflection, natural phrasing, and adherence to punctuation.

Automaticity

The ability to recognize high-frequency grade-level words or decode terms immediately without conscious effort.

Phonics (Graphophonemic Skills)

The use of letter and sound relationships to successfully decode and encode words.

Word Analysis Skills

The process of breaking down complicated, multisyllabic words to decode them or determine their specific meaning.

Morphemic Analysis

Decoding multisyllabic words by recognizing and analyzing roots and affixes such as prefixes and suffixes.

Literal Reading Comprehension

The ability to answer basic recall questions (who, what, when, where, why) and determine the stated main idea of a text.

Inferential Reading Comprehension

Using text evidence and prior knowledge ($I = TE+PK$) to identify deeper meaning, character motivation, and implied ideas.

Evaluative Reading Comprehension

The ability to make text-to-self connections, articulate personal opinions, and relate background knowledge to the reading.

Elkonin Boxes

Tools used to help children visually isolate each phoneme heard in a word by pushing manipulatives into a box for each sound.

Reader's Theater

An instructional strategy using script rehearsal and performance to build student confidence and prosody skills.

Syllabication

The strategy of breaking words into the six syllable types: open, closed, vowel digraph/diphthong, r-controlled, VCe, and final -le.

Constructed Response: Paragraph 5 (Rationale)

An explanation divided into Benefit, Achieve, and More Successful Reader (B-A-M) to justify why an instructional strategy is effective.