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Meiosis
Sporophytes produce spores via
Mitosis
Gameteophytes produce gametes via
Sporophyte
Ferns are _________ dominant
Gametophyte
Mosses are ___________ dominant
Gymnosperms develop seeds within thier cones which drop when they reach maturity. Angiosperms develop seeds within a protected ovary, which then becomes a fruit
What is the main distimction between gymnosperms and angiosperms?
Meristems
Plants have embryonic tissues which develop into plant structures. These embryonic growth areas are called_______________.
Protoderm
This primary meristem develops into dermal tissues
Ground meristem
This primary mersitem develops into ground tissues.
Procambium
This primary meristem develops into xylem and phloem.
Phloem
Xylem or phloem: living tissue, transports solutes via translocation.
Xylem
Xylem or phloem: dead at maturity, transports water or dissolved solutes, this makes up wood.
Apical
Apical or lateral meristem: responsible for primary growth, growth from the tips.
Lateral
Apical or lateral meristem: responsible for secondary growth, diameter/girth growth.
Transpiration
When water evaporates into the air from the leaf via the stomata
gaurd cells
These regulate the opening and closing of the stomata
Water potential
This predicts and calculates which way water moves
Enters roots and moves through xylem via water potential until it is released from the leaves via the stomata
How does water flow through the xylem?
maintain a continuous water column
Adhesion and cohesion allows for plants to…
Creates a negative pressure gradient pulling water upward
In transpiration, what does the evaporation of water from leaves create?
When turgid
When do gaurd cells open the stomata?
waxy casparian strip
Diffusion of water into roots is controlled by the _________________.
Carbohydrates
What does photosynthesis produce?
pressure flow hypothesis
Translocation in the phloem is described by the…
Source
The _________ describes where carbs and hormones are made/stored.
Sink
The _______ describes where carbs and hormones are used.
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Phosporus, Potassium, Iodine, Nitrogen, Sulfur, Calcium, Iron, Magnesium.
List the macronutrients
From the air
Where do plants obtain C and H?
It provides oxygen enough for cellular respiration
With rhizobium bacteria, what is leghemoglobin used for?
Mycchorizae fungi
Most all plants have a symbiotic relationship with _________________.
chemical signaling
Plants use ____________ ____________ to communicate cell-cell.
Allelopathy
This is when trees use chemical defense signaling to communicate to other leaves or other plants to inhibit growth or development to protect from infection and herbivores.
Secondary metabolites
Quinine, morphine, and Taxol are all examples of….
Auxin
This is the main growth stimulating hormone
Ethylene
This is a gaseous hormone that triggers ripening and is involved in abscision.
Abscisic Acid
This hormone controls dormancy and stomatal closure.
Phototropism
Directional bending in response to light
Thigmatropism
Plant movement in reponse to touch
Gravitropism
Plant cells elongate to bend upwards in response to gravity
Photomorphogenesis
Plants detecing shading around them through Pr to Pfr
