Fertility and Reproduction

Exam 1 Material

Demography

The study of population (including things like birth rates, death rate, etc.)

Population

A group of people living in a specific geographic area

Demography is “destiny” because…

Small acts across a population can cause monumental changes

Fertility

Means that you have achieved reproduction from a live birth

Fecundity

The ability to reproduce (reproductive organs are functioning)

Intended/Unintended pregnancy

Intention (or not) to conceive at the time of pregnancy

Parity

The count of pregnancy; the order of birth (first, second, etc.)

Birth Cohort

Generation (ex. baby boomers, Gen Z, etc.)

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

Estimated total number of births currently being born per woman in the population

Replacement Fertility Rate

The fertility rate needed to replace the current population size

Below replacement fertility rate

The fertility rate is lower than the replacement fertility rate

What is the replacement fertility rate?

2.1, accounting for replacing parents and those who don’t make it to adulthood or able to concieve

Birth Rate

Number of live births per 100,000 individuals in a population

Natural Increase

Crude birth rate - death rate > 0, creates an increase