Practice test for chapter 4 bontrager

1. A patient presents after a fall with pain and swelling of the wrist. The physician suspects a fracture of the most commonly fractured carpal bone. Which bone should receive particular attention? A. Lunate B. Scaphoid C. Trapezium D. Capitate

Scaphoid

2. A patient has tenderness in the anatomical snuffbox following a fall on an outstretched hand. Which clinical indication is most strongly suspected? A. Lunate fracture B. Scaphoid fracture C. Capitate fracture D. Pisiform fracture

Scaphoid fracture

3. Which carpal bone is located most laterally in the proximal row? A. Scaphoid B. Lunate C. Trapezium D. Trapezoid

Scaphoid

4. Which sequence correctly identifies the proximal row of carpals from lateral to medial? A. Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform B. Scaphoid, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate C. Pisiform, triquetrum, lunate, scaphoid D. Trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform

5. Which sequence correctly identifies the distal row of carpals from lateral to medial? A. Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform B. Trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate C. Trapezoid, trapezium, hamate, capitate D. Hamate, capitate, trapezoid, trapezium

Trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

6. A patient has a suspected fracture involving the hooklike projection of a carpal bone. Which structure is involved? A. Tubercle of scaphoid B. Hook of hamate C. Tubercle of trapezium D. Head of capitate

Hook of hamate

7. Which carpal is the largest of the carpal bones? A. Hamate B. Scaphoid C. Capitate D. Lunate

Capitate

8. The pisiform is best described as a: A. Large carpal in the distal row B. Small pea-shaped carpal C. Long carpal articulating with the thumb D. Carpal located directly lateral to the scaphoid

Small pea-shaped carpal

9. Which carpal bone articulates with the first metacarpal? A. Trapezoid B. Trapezium C. Capitate D. Scaphoid

Trapezium

10. A patient has pain at the base of the thumb. The physician suspects pathology involving the first carpometacarpal joint. Which two bones form this joint? A. First metacarpal and scaphoid B. First metacarpal and trapezium C. First metacarpal and trapezoid D. First metacarpal and capitate

First metacarpal and trapezium

11. The first carpometacarpal joint of the thumb is classified as which type of synovial joint? A. Hinge B. Saddle C. Pivot D. Condyloid

Saddle

12. The second through fifth metacarpophalangeal joints are classified as: A. Hinge joints B. Pivot joints C. Ellipsoidal joints D. Saddle joints

Ellipsoidal joints

13. The interphalangeal joints are classified as: A. Ginglymus B. Trochoid C. Sellar D. Ellipsoidal

Ginglymus

14. A patient injures the joint between the proximal and middle phalanges of the index finger. Which joint was injured? A. DIP B. PIP C. MCP D. CMC

PIP

15. A patient injures the joint between the middle and distal phalanges. Which joint is involved? A. PIP B. MCP C. DIP D. CMC

DIP

16. How many phalanges are found in each finger from the second through fifth digits? A. Two B. Three C. Four D. Five

Three

17. How many phalanges are present in the thumb? A. One B. Two C. Three D. Four

Two

18. Which portion of a metacarpal is located most distally? A. Base B. Shaft C. Body D. Head

Head

19. Which portion of a metacarpal articulates with the carpals? A. Head B. Neck C. Base D. Shaft

Base

20. A patient presents after striking an object with a closed fist. Imaging demonstrates a fracture involving the neck of the fifth metacarpal. Which clinical indication does this describe? A. Bennett fracture B. Boxer fracture C. Colles fracture D. Smith fracture

Boxer fracture

21. A fracture involving the base of the first metacarpal is referred to in the chapter as a: A. Bennett fracture B. Smith fracture C. Colles fracture D. Boxer fracture

Bennett fracture

22. Which fracture is described as a transverse fracture of the distal radius in which the distal fragment is displaced posteriorly? A. Smith fracture B. Bennett fracture C. Colles fracture D. Boxer fracture

Colles fracture

23. Which fracture is described as the reverse of a Colles fracture, with the distal fragment displaced anteriorly? A. Bennett fracture B. Smith fracture C. Boxer fracture D. Scaphoid fracture

Smith fracture

24. A patient falls on an outstretched hand and sustains a distal radius fracture with posterior displacement. Which diagnosis is most consistent with this injury? A. Smith fracture B. Colles fracture C. Bennett fracture D. Boxer fracture

Colles fracture

25. A patient sustains trauma to a flexed wrist, resulting in a distal radius fracture with anterior displacement of the distal fragment. Which fracture is most consistent? A. Colles B. Smith C. Bennett D. Boxer

Smith

26. Which forearm bone is located on the thumb side? A. Ulna B. Radius C. Humerus D. Scaphoid

Radius

27. Which forearm bone is located on the little-finger side? A. Radius B. Ulna C. Humerus D. Capitate

Ulna

28. Which structure is located at the proximal end of the radius? A. Olecranon process B. Coronoid process C. Radial head D. Trochlear notch

Radial head

29. Which structure is located immediately distal to the neck of the radius? A. Radial tuberosity B. Ulnar tuberosity C. Styloid process D. Olecranon process

Radial tuberosity

30. The radial tuberosity is located on which aspect of the proximal radius? A. Lateral B. Medial C. Posterior D. Distal

Medial

31. Which structure is found at the distal end of the radius? A. Trochlear notch B. Radial styloid process C. Olecranon process D. Coronoid process

Radial styloid process

32. Which structure is located at the distal end of the ulna? A. Ulnar styloid process B. Olecranon process C. Coronoid process D. Radial tuberosity

Ulnar styloid process

33. Which two structures form the prominent proximal processes of the ulna? A. Radial head and neck B. Olecranon and coronoid processes C. Styloid and mastoid processes D. Capitulum and trochlea

Olecranon and coronoid processes

34. The trochlear notch is located between the: A. Radial head and radial tuberosity B. Olecranon and coronoid processes C. Capitulum and trochlea D. Radial and ulnar styloid processes

Olecranon and coronoid processes

35. The trochlear notch articulates with which structure? A. Capitulum B. Trochlea C. Radial head D. Lateral epicondyle

Trochlea

36. Which distal humeral structure articulates with the head of the radius? A. Trochlea B. Capitulum C. Medial epicondyle D. Coronoid fossa

Capitulum

37. Which distal humeral structure articulates with the trochlear notch of the ulna? A. Capitulum B. Trochlea C. Radial fossa D. Lateral epicondyle

Trochlea

38. Which structure is located on the posterior surface of the distal humerus? A. Coronoid fossa B. Radial fossa C. Olecranon fossa D. Capitulum

Olecranon fossa

39. During elbow extension, which structure enters the olecranon fossa? A. Coronoid process B. Radial head C. Olecranon process D. Radial tuberosity

Olecranon process

40. Which two fossae are located on the anterior surface of the distal humerus? A. Olecranon and radial B. Radial and coronoid C. Olecranon and coronoid D. Trochlear and radial

Radial and coronoid

41. During elbow flexion, the coronoid process enters the: A. Olecranon fossa B. Radial fossa C. Coronoid fossa D. Trochlear notch

Coronoid fossa

42. Which distal humeral condyle is located laterally? A. Trochlea B. Capitulum C. Medial epicondyle D. Coronoid fossa

Capitulum

43. Which distal humeral condyle is located medially? A. Capitulum B. Radial head C. Trochlea D. Radial fossa

Trochlea

44. The medial epicondyle is generally: A. Smaller than the lateral epicondyle B. Larger and more prominent than the lateral epicondyle C. Located directly above the capitulum D. Located on the proximal humerus

Larger and more prominent than the lateral epicondyle

45. Which articulation forms the humeroradial portion of the elbow joint? A. Trochlea and ulna B. Capitulum and radial head C. Trochlea and radial head D. Capitulum and ulna

Capitulum and radial head

46. Which articulation forms the humeroulnar portion of the elbow joint? A. Capitulum and radial head B. Trochlea and trochlear notch C. Capitulum and trochlear notch D. Trochlea and radial head

Trochlea and trochlear notch

47. The proximal radioulnar joint is classified as a: A. Hinge joint B. Pivot joint C. Saddle joint D. Ellipsoidal joint

Pivot joint

48. Which movement occurs at the proximal and distal radioulnar joints? A. Flexion and extension B. Abduction and adduction C. Pronation and supination D. Radial and ulnar flexion only

Pronation and supination

49. During pronation of the forearm, the radius: A. Remains parallel with the ulna B. Crosses over the ulna C. Moves completely medial to the ulna without crossing D. Rotates while the ulna crosses it

Crosses over the ulna

50. During supination, the radius and ulna are: A. Crossed B. Approximately parallel C. Completely superimposed D. Perpendicular

Approximately parallel

51. A patient presents with wrist pain, and imaging is requested to evaluate a possible accumulation of synovial fluid within a joint cavity. Which clinical indication is being evaluated? A. Osteoporosis B. Joint effusion C. Osteomyelitis D. Osteoarthritis

Joint effusion

52. Which clinical indication refers to inflammation of a fluid-filled sac near a joint? A. Tendinitis B. Bursitis C. Osteomyelitis D. Osteoporosis

Bursitis

53. A patient presents with pain caused by inflammation of a tendon. Which clinical indication best matches this finding? A. Bursitis B. Tendinitis C. Joint effusion D. Osteoporosis

Tendinitis

54. A patient has pain and numbness involving the hand related to compression of the median nerve at the wrist. Which condition is most consistent? A. Carpal tunnel syndrome B. Osteomyelitis C. Rheumatoid arthritis D. Joint effusion

Carpal tunnel syndrome

55. Which structure is particularly important in carpal tunnel syndrome because it passes through the carpal tunnel? A. Ulnar nerve B. Radial nerve C. Median nerve D. Axillary nerve

Median nerve

56. A patient with suspected carpal tunnel syndrome requires evaluation of the carpal canal. Which wrist structure is of particular clinical interest? A. Carpal tunnel B. Olecranon fossa C. Radial tuberosity D. Trochlear notch

Carpal tunnel

57. A patient has a chronic degenerative joint disorder involving loss of articular cartilage. Which clinical indication best fits? A. Rheumatoid arthritis B. Osteoarthritis C. Osteomyelitis D. Osteoporosis

Osteoarthritis

58. Which condition is also known as degenerative joint disease (DJD)? A. Rheumatoid arthritis B. Osteoarthritis C. Osteoporosis D. Osteomyelitis

Osteoarthritis

59. Radiographs of an older patient’s hand demonstrate joint-space narrowing and bony changes associated with degeneration. Which clinical indication is most likely? A. Osteoarthritis B. Osteoporosis C. Osteomyelitis D. Carpal tunnel syndrome

Osteoarthritis

60. A patient has a chronic systemic disease producing inflammation of the joints. Which condition is most consistent? A. Osteoarthritis B. Rheumatoid arthritis C. Osteoporosis D. Bursitis

Rheumatoid arthritis

61. Rheumatoid arthritis frequently produces changes involving which joints of the hand? A. MCP joints B. CMC joints only C. DIP joints only D. Radioulnar joints only

MCP joints

62. A patient with rheumatoid arthritis is being evaluated for changes in the hands. Which finding is most consistent with the clinical indication described in the chapter? A. Joint-space narrowing and deformity B. Increased bone density without joint changes C. Isolated fracture of the fifth metacarpal D. Posterior displacement of the distal radius

Joint-space narrowing and deformity

63. Which condition is characterized by decreased bone mass, making bones more susceptible to fracture? A. Osteomyelitis B. Osteoporosis C. Osteoarthritis D. Bursitis

Osteoporosis

64. A patient with osteoporosis is most likely to have which general radiographic concern? A. Increased bone density B. Decreased bone density C. Enlarged joint spaces only D. Increased cortical thickness

Decreased bone density

65. A patient is being evaluated for an infection involving bone and bone marrow. Which clinical indication is suspected? A. Osteoporosis B. Osteomyelitis C. Osteoarthritis D. Rheumatoid arthritis

Osteomyelitis

66. Which clinical indication is an inflammatory process involving bone caused by infection? A. Osteomyelitis B. Osteoporosis C. Osteoarthritis D. Tendinitis

Osteomyelitis

67. A patient presents with a suspected scaphoid fracture after trauma. Which additional wrist position/projection shown in the chapter is particularly useful for demonstrating the scaphoid? A. Ulnar deviation B. Radial deviation C. Full pronation D. Full supination

Ulnar deviation

68. Why is ulnar deviation useful when imaging a suspected scaphoid fracture? A. It helps demonstrate the scaphoid with less foreshortening B. It completely superimposes the scaphoid on the radius C. It places the pisiform free of the triquetrum D. It demonstrates the olecranon in profile

It helps demonstrate the scaphoid with less foreshortening

69. A patient cannot fully extend the elbow because of trauma. Which positioning consideration is most appropriate based on the chapter’s discussion of elbow fat pads? A. Force the elbow into full extension B. Obtain projections without forcing the injured elbow C. Rotate the wrist until the elbow becomes straight D. Omit elbow imaging entirely

Obtain projections without forcing the injured elbow

70. A patient with elbow trauma has displacement of the posterior fat pad on a lateral image. This finding is clinically important because fat-pad visualization can help indicate: A. Trauma or joint pathology B. Normal carpal alignment only C. Metacarpal rotation only D. Normal pronation of the forearm

Trauma or joint pathology

71. For evaluation of elbow fat pads, which projection is particularly important? A. AP wrist B. Lateral elbow C. PA hand D. AP forearm

Lateral elbow

72. Proper positioning of the elbow for a lateral projection is important because visualization of the fat pads can assist with the diagnosis of: A. Trauma and joint abnormalities B. Only carpal fractures C. Only metacarpal fractures D. Only phalangeal dislocations

Trauma and joint abnormalities

73. A patient presents with pain and limited motion following trauma. The physician wants to determine whether a fracture or joint abnormality is present. Why should the technologist carefully review the clinical indication before positioning? A. It helps determine the anatomy and projections needed B. It determines the patient’s exact exposure index before exposure C. It eliminates the need for proper collimation D. It allows the technologist to diagnose the condition before imaging

It helps determine the anatomy and projections needed

74. A patient has a suspected fracture of the radial head. Which anatomical region must be demonstrated carefully? A. Distal radius at the wrist B. Proximal radius at the elbow C. Distal ulna at the wrist D. Proximal humerus at the shoulder

Proximal radius at the elbow

75. A patient has trauma involving the elbow, and the physician suspects injury to the olecranon process. The technologist should remember that the olecranon is part of the: A. Proximal radius B. Distal radius C. Proximal ulna D. Distal humerus

Proximal ulna