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Long-Term Memory
The capacity to store information for extended periods, allowing for recall and recognition of past experiences.
Rehearsal
The cognitive process of repeatedly practicing information to encode it into long-term memory.
Pollyanna Principle
The tendency to remember pleasant items more readily than unpleasant ones.
State Dependent Memory
A retrieval process suggesting that one’s ability to recall information is enhanced when in the same state or context as when the information was encoded.
Mood Congruent Memory
The phenomenon where an individual’s current mood influences the recall of memories congruent with that mood.
Elaboration
Enhancing encoding by forming additional associations or connections with the information being learned.
Semantic Network Models
Theoretical frameworks that depict how information is organized in memory, where concepts are interconnected like a network.
Familiarity vs. Recollection
Familiarity involves recognizing something without recalling specific details, while recollection involves retrieving specific contextual details.
Encoding Specificity
The principle that information is better retrieved when retrieval conditions match encoding conditions.
Level of Processing
The idea that deeper levels of processing information lead to better long-term retention and retrieval.
Cognitive Load
The amount of mental effort being used in the working memory; when overloaded, less information gets encoded.
Spreading Activation
The process by which one memory cue triggers the recall of related memories, influencing recall of interconnected concepts.
Recognition Task
A memory assessment where individuals identify previously learned information from a list of options.
Misleading Information
Facts or suggestions that lead an individual to misremember an event or detail.
Cognitive Structured Interview
A method employed in witness interviews designed to minimize the effects of suggestibility and biases.
Memory Errors
Mistakes in recalling past events or information often due to factors like interference or suggestive questioning.
Visualization
A cognitive technique that involves creating mental images to enhance understanding and memory retention.
