Bio Exam 3 - Section 16 (Animals 3)

amniotic egg

type of egg produced by reptiles, birds, and egg-laying mammals (amniotes), in which the embryo develops inside an amnion

amnion

the innermost membrane of an amniotic egg that encloses the embryo of a mammal, bird, or reptile

Cephalochordate

includes lancelets, and are defined by the presence of a notochord that persists throughout their life

chordate

they have a notochord, a hollow dorsal nerve chord, pharyngeal gill slits and a post-anal tail for part of their life

craniate

an animal that has a skull

cranium

the vertebrate skull, particularly the part that encloses and protects the brain

lancelet

smaller filter-feeding animals found in shallow salt water; marine invertebrate that resembles a fish

mammals

vertebrates that are endothermic amniotes distinguished from reptiles and birds by the possession of hair, 3 middle ear bones, and mammary glands

mammary gland

the milk - producing gland of female mammals

marsupials

non-placental mammals in which females typically have an external pouch

monotremes

non-placental egg-laying mammals

nerve cord

a single hollow tube of nervous tissue that tissue that constitutes the central nervous system of chordates and develops into the spinal cord and brain

notochord

a skeletal rod that provides structural support to the body of all embryonic and some adult chordate animals

pharyngeal slits

filter-feeding organs found in invertebrate chordates (cephalochordates and urochordates)

placenta

reproductive organ that connects the developing fetus to the uterine wall of the mother; only found in placental mammals

postnatal tail

a tail that extends beyond the anus

tetrapods

animals with four limbs, especially vertebrates with a more recent origin than fishes (amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals)

vertebrate

a subgroup of the chordates, all members of this group have a brain enclosed in a skull and a segmented spinal column

urochordate

a subgroup of chordates

vertebral column

a column of small bones with the main function of protecting the spinal cord

deuterstomes

a group of animals whose embryonic development is defined by the anus forming first from the blastopore, while the mouth forms later

echinoderms

>sessile slow moving animals

>bilateral larvae and organs don’t follow the pattern

>thick skin over a hard but flexible endoskeleton

chordates - three subphyla

>vertebrata - animals with backbones

>cephalochordate - lancets burrowing filter feeders

>Urochordata - tunicates or sea squirts

subphylum vertebrata - big groups

>fish

>amphibians

>reptiles

>birds

>mammals

mammalia

>hair

>mammary glands

>3 bones in the inner ear

3 major groups of mammals

>placental mammals - placenta

>marsupials - pouch

>monotremes - lay eggs