CompTIA IT Fundamentals+ (FCO-U61) Vocabulary

Flashcards containing key vocabulary terms and definitions related to CompTIA IT Fundamentals+ (FCO-U61) Study Notes..

Information Technology (IT)

The utilization and management of technology and systems to store, retrieve, transmit, and protect information for various purposes.

I/O Cycle

Input, Output, Processing, and Storage Cycle - a fundamental concept in computing that governs the core functions of a computer system.

Input

Stage where data is entered into the computer system

Processing

The CPU performs calculations, comparisons, and other operations to transform the raw data into meaningful information

Output

Displays or transmits the results of the processing to the user or another system

Storage

Data is saved to storage devices like a hard drive, SSD, or cloud storage for later use

Decimal Notation

Utilizes the base-10 system, which uses a system of ten unique symbols to represent the values (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9)

Binary Notation

A system of numbers that has only two different integer values 0 and 1

Hexadecimal Notation

Employs base-16, which uses 16 distinct symbols (0–9 for the first ten and A–F for the remaining six)

Bit (Binary Digit)

Smallest unit of data in computing, which can hold a value of 0 or 1

Byte

Equivalent to 8 bits and another basic unit of data

Nibble

Term for a single hexadecimal character

Data Type

Defines the kind of data that can be stored and manipulated within a program

Integers

Represent whole numbers, both positive and negative, without any decimal component

Floating-point Numbers

Used to represent real numbers (decimal or fractions)

Boolean Values

Represent the logical values of TRUE and FALSE

Characters

Used to represent individual letters, digits, punctuation marks, or any other symbol that can be represented in text

Strings

Sequences of characters used to represent and manipulate text

American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII)

Developed in the 1960s as one of the first character encoding standards, and it uses 7 bits to represent each character