SLP 456 quizzes (2,3,4,6,7,8)

Quiz 2

Which pairs of words are minimal pairs? Choose all that apply.

Hear / beer

3 multiple choice options

The totality of motor processes involved in the planning and execution of sequences of overlapping gestures which result in speech refers to

articulation

3 multiple choice options

The clusters [sk] and [ks] cannot occur in the same word positions in General American English. This is an example of the ______ of a language.

phonotactics

3 multiple choice options

Articulation disorders mainly reflect difficulties with the ______ of speech.

motor production elements

3 multiple choice options

A(n) ___________________ disorder involves the impaired comprehension and/or use of the sound system of a language and the rules that govern the sound combinations. This type of disorder is focused on the linguistic function of speech and usually involves predictable, rule-based errors (e.g., fronting, gliding) that affect multiple speech sounds.

phonological

2 multiple choice options

A(n) _________________ disorder is an umbrella term that refers to disordered form and/or function of speech sounds with a specific language system.

speech sound

2 multiple choice options

A(n) ________________disorder is the difficulty with the motor production aspects of speech. This type of disorder is focused on the physical/acoustic form of speech and usually involves an inability to produce specific speech sounds (e.g., [s, z, ɹ]).

articulation

2 multiple choice options

_____________ are the smallest linguistic units that are able to distinguish meaning between words.

phonemes

speech sounds

are the end products of articulatory motor processes; they represent physical sound realities.

allophones

are phonetic variations in phoneme realizations; they do not change the meaning of a word when they are produced in differing contexts.

morphemes

are the smallest units of a language that can carry meaning

The _______________ inventory is the repertoire of phonemes used by a child to contrastively differentiate meaning.

phonemic

The _____________ inventory is the repertoire of all phones, including their variations.

phonetic

The majority of speech sound disorders in children have a(n) ______.

unknown cause

__________ is the study of the sound system of a language; including the arrangement, systematic organization, and rule system of vowels and consonants.

phonology

This is an inability to pronounce certain phones, typically s- and r-sounds. The child uses a consistent substitution or distortion for the target sound in both spontaneous and imitated productions.

articulation disorder

These children demonstrate phonological patterns that are evidenced in normal development but are typically noted at an earlier chronological age.

phonological delay

This involves regular use of some non-developmental error patterns. These children may demonstrate atypical and idiosyncratic error patterns.

consistent phonological disorder

The phonological systems of these children show at least 40% variability of production when asked to name 25 pictures on 3 separate trials within a single session. Thus, multiple errors are demonstrated for the same word.

inconsistent phonological disorder

This is seen as a multi-deficit motor-speech disorder involving phonological planning, phonetic, and motor programming difficulties.

childhood apraxia of speech

With the exception of the nasals, all phonemes of General American English direct airflow through, and ultimately exit the

oral cavity

Quiz 4

Two similar consonants that differ only in voicing are referred to as

cognates

Per Bauman-Waengler, select the three primary descriptive parameters of vowels.

tongue height, tongue advancement, roundedness

3 multiple choice options

_____________are the group of speech sounds produced with a relatively open vocal tract. No significant constriction of the oral and/or pharyngeal cavities is involved in the production of this group of sounds.

vowels

_________________ are the group of speech sounds that involve significant constriction of the oral and/or pharyngeal cavities during their production. During the production of this group of sounds, the airstream encounters some type of articulatory obstruction.

consonants

Which word contains a phonemic diphthong (as the words are typically pronounced in GAE)?

sky

3 multiple choice options

Sibilants are a subcategory of

fricatives

3 multiple choice options

Which of the following phonemes are NOT considered sonorants?

/ʒ/, /z/, /p/

2 multiple choice options

Which vowels typically display roundedness in GAE?

/u/

3 multiple choice options

/ŋ/

voicing:

voiced

place:

velar

manner:

nasal

/ɹ/

voicing:

voiced

place:

alveolar

manner:

approximant

/j/

voicing:

voiced

place:

palatal

manner:

approximant

/ʃ/

voicing:

voiceless

place:

postalveolar

manner:

fricative

/dʒ/

voicing:

voiced

place:

postalveolar

manner:

affricate

/v/

voicing:

voiced

place:

labiodental

manner:

fricative

/p/

voicing:

voiceless

place:

bilabial

manner:

plosive

/k/

voicing:

voiceless

place:

velar

manner:

plosive

/s/

voicing:

voiceless

place:

alveolar

manner:

fricative

/w/

voicing:

voiced

place:

labio-velar

manner:

glide

/θ/

voicing:

voiceless

place:

dental

manner:

fricative

Quiz 3

Name the anatomical structure:

nasal cavity

Type the voicing, place, and manner for ONE English phoneme with this place of articulation (e.g., voiced uvular trill)

voiced postalveolar fricative

Name the anatomical structure:

Type the voicing, place, and manner for ONE English phoneme with this place of articulation (e.g., voiced uvular trill):

alveolar ridge;

voiced alveolar plosive

Name the anatomical structure:

Type the voicing, place, and manner for ONE English phoneme with this place of articulation (e.g., voiced uvular trill):

lips;

voiced bilabial plosive

Name the anatomical structure:

Type the voicing, place, and manner for ONE English phoneme with this place of articulation (e.g., voiced uvular trill):

teeth;

voiced dental fricative

Name the anatomical structure:

mandible

Name the anatomical structure:

larynx

Name the anatomical structure:

Type the voicing, place, and manner for ONE English phoneme with this place of articulation (e.g., voiced uvular trill):

hard palate;

voiced palatal approximant

Name the anatomical structure:

Type the voicing, place, and manner for ONE English phoneme with this place of articulation (e.g., voiced uvular trill):

velum;

voiced velar plosive

Name the anatomical structure:

uvula

Name the anatomical structure:

pharynx

Name the anatomical structure:

oral cavity

Name the anatomical structure:

Type the voicing, place, and manner for ONE English phoneme with this place of articulation (e.g., voiced uvular trill):

glottis;

voiceless glottal fricative

Type in the syllable (CV) shape for the following word: known

cvc

Type in the syllable (CV) shape for the following word: typed

cvcc

Type in the syllable (CV) shape for the following word: fuel

ccvc

Type in the syllable (CV) shape for the following word: breathe

ccvc

Type in the syllable (CV) shape for the following word: ox

vcc

Type in the syllable (CV) shape for the following word: through

ccv

Type in the syllable (CV) shape for the following word: show

cv

Type in the syllable (CV) shape for the following word: itch

vc

Which one of the following words has twoopen (a.k.a. unchecked) syllables?

away

3 multiple choice options

Select the type and degree of assimilation demonstrated in the following examples:

1. "dog" → [gɑg]

Type: remote assimilation and regressive/anticipatoryassimilation

Degree: total assimilation

Select the type and degree of assimilation demonstrated in the following examples:

2. "frogs" → [frɑgz]

Type: contact assimilation andprogressive/perseverative assimilation

Degree: partial assimilation

quiz 6

Earlier developing (typically acquired before 36 months of age)

CVCV

[h]

[w]

[k]

CVC

CV

[p]

[n]

Later developing (typically acquired after 24 months)

[z]

VCC

CCVC

[ɹ]

[tʃ]

[ð]

[ʒ]

CCV

Which of the following are characteristics of the First-50-Word stage?

- frequent use of approximants, plosives, and nasals

- phonetic variability

- limited variety of syllable structures

Given what we've learned about phonological development and phonetic complexity (esp. regarding syllable structure), newly acquired consonants are most likely to appear in which position in a child's speech?

word-initial position

3 multiple choice options

Which of the following syllable structure phonological processes is most likely to be suppressed at a relatively later age?

consonant cluster reduction

3 multiple choice options

Which of the following substitution phonological processes is most likely to be suppressed at a relatively later age?

gliding of liquids

3 multiple choice options

Select the term below that refers to: the ability to perceive speech sounds (varied along an acoustic continuum) according to the phonemic categories of one's native language

categorical perception

3 multiple choice options

During which prelinguistic stage does the child begin to communicate to adults through imitation games with vocal productions?

Stage 4: Canonical babbling

3 multiple choice options

During which prelinguistic stage does the child begin to produce strings of utterances which are modulated primarily by intonation, rhythm, and pausing?

Stage 5: Advanced forms (Jargon stage)

3 multiple choice options

The largest growth within a child's phonological system typically occurs during which period of development?

Preschool (approximately age 2 to 6)

3 multiple choice options

The respiratory, phonatory, resonatory, and articulatory speech systems of the newborn

reflect exclusively primary functions

3 multiple choice options

proto-words

Consistently used vocalizations with meaning for the child but no recognizable adult model

jargon

Strings of babbled utterances that are modulated primarily by intonation, rhythm, and pausing

Strings of similar consonant-vowel productions

reduplicated babbling

All vocalizations before first meaningful words

prelinguistic behavior

Nonphonemic consonant-like productions

contoids

Protophones made by the infant during comfortable states with the uncoordinated tongue body contacting the back of oral cavity or pharynx.

Correct match:

coos/goos

variegated babbling

Strings of varied consonant-vowel productions

vegetative sounds

Non-speech sounds with no communicative function that accompany feeding and other activities

vocoids

Nonphonemic vowel-like productions

reflexive vocalizations

Non-speech sounds that indicate an infant's physical or internal states

quiz 7

_________________ is the ability to recognize and manipulate sound segments in a language, and it plays an essential role in the developing _____________ skills of young children

phonological awareness; reading

Which activities below would be considered metaphonological tasks (i.e., tasks that demonstrate phonological awareness)?

- A child points to pictures of animals that start with the "s" sound.

- A child matches pairs of animal picture cards that have rhyming names.

- A child counts the number of syllables in the names of various animals.

1 multiple choice option

Based on the phonological awareness continuum, which task is the least difficult

A child claps along with her classmates to the rhythm of the syllables in a nursery rhyme.

3 multiple choice options

Based on the phonological awareness continuum, which task is the second least difficult

A child points to pictures of words that rhyme with with the word "ball."

3 multiple choice options

Based on the phonological awareness continuum, which task is the most difficult

A child replaces the final sound in "cap" with [t] and says the new word "cat."

3 multiple choice options

Based on the phonological awareness continuum, which task is the second most difficult

A child identifies and says the individual sounds of a CVC word (e.g., "dog" = [d] + [ɑ] + [g]).

3 multiple choice options

Per ASHA and the Bauman-Waengler text, a comprehensive evaluation for a suspected SSD requires at least which five components?

- screenings in additional areas as needed (e.g., language, phonological awareness, prosody)

- spontaneous speech sample

- speech mechanism examination

- hearing screening

- standardized speech assessment

1 multiple choice option

Which evaluation task best represents stimulability testing during an assessment for a suspected speech sound disorder?

Provide a model of correct speech sound production and observe the client's ability to imitate it

3 multiple choice options

When evaluating the speech mechanism of a young child with an emerging phonological system, which of the following tasks would be most appropriate and effective for an SLP to perform?

- Ask caregivers to keep a log of the child's utterances and language usage

- Employ a play-based approach with engaging activities like flashlight games

- Analyze the child's babbling, focusing on consonant use and syllable shapes

1 multiple choice option

Why can scripted and routine events be helpful when collecting a spontaneous speech sample from an unintelligible child?

Because the predictability of these events provide more context to infer the intended meanings of word approximations

3 multiple choice options