Dominican Republic History Flashcards

Flashcards based on lecture notes about Dominican Republic history.

Who overthrew Báez in January 1874?

Ignacio María González and the Unionist Movement

What were some measures taken by the provisional government that earned popular support?

Promoted freedom of the press, suspended the state of siege, annulled the lease of Samaná Bay, and eliminated passport requirements.

What treaty did González sign in 1874?

A Treaty of Peace, Friendship, Commerce, Navigation, and Extradition with Haiti.

Why did the Partido Rojo initiate a conspiracy against González?

To impose Manuel Altagracia Cáceres as president.

What agreement demanded González's resignation and formation of a Council of Secretaries of State?

The Agreement of El Carmelo.

Who won the presidential elections after González resigned?

Ulises Francisco Espaillat.

What characterized Espaillat's government?

Respect for civil rights, liberties, political amnesty, freedom of the press, suppression of political clientelism, reduction of state expenses, and honest management of state resources.

Why did Espaillat's measures provoke rejection from political sectors?

Because they felt harmed by the new political attitude that clashed with the long clientelistic and corrupt tradition of Dominican politics.

Who led armed uprisings against Gregorio Luperón in 1876?

Ignacio María González and Marcos A. Cabral.

Who took office as president after Luperón?

Bishop Fernando A. Meriño (1880-1882)

What triggered the dictatorial phase of Meriño's government?

Conspiracies initiated by baecistas under Cesáreo Guillermo and Braulio Álvarez.

What was the Decreto de San Fernando?

A decree ordering the execution of those who took up arms against the government.

Who did Luperón recommend as president in 1882?

Ulises Heureaux.

What distinguished Heureaux's government from Meriño's

Heureaux did not have to deal with public order disturbances.

Describe one of the progressive measures Luperon took during his time.

He promoted a constitutional reform limiting the presidential period to two years.

What event evidenced the beginning of the division of the Partido Azul?

Heureaux proposed a presidential candidate contrary to Luperón's proposal

Who became president as a result of the electoral fraud promoted by Heureaux?

Francisco Gregorio Billini.

What was the significance of the new government under Ulises Heureaux (Lilis)?

It marked the decline of the Azules (Partido Azul / Nacional)

What characterized the elections of 1886, leading to Heureaux's rise to power?

Violence and persecution of caudillos from his own faction, in addition to fraud and vote-buying.

What economic shift occurred during the dictatorship of Lilis?

A shift toward an economy based on a modern sugar business, diminishing the importance of livestock and timber.

How was the dictatorship sustained during the rule of Lilis?

Through extreme indebtedness, relying on local lenders, credit unions, and foreign lenders.

What was the purpose of the Caja la Régie?

An entity established to manage customs revenues, with personnel from loan companies.

What role did the Santo Domingo Improvement Company play during Lilis's regime?

It maintained close ties with the government, granting new loans and causing the country's debt to increase.

What was the cause of social unrest in 1890?

The deteriorating economic situation, trade crisis, currency devaluation, high prices, financial crisis, and socio-political situation.

How did the government of Jimenes attempt to address the economic challenges?

By negotiating directly with the Santo Domingo Improvement and bondholders to regain control of customs and settle the debt.

What was the name of the plan that reduced the debt to seventeen million dollars?

Plan de Ajustes

What were some of Cáceres's measures to organize the Dominican State?

Creation of the Guardia Republicana (Guardia de Mon), promulgation of laws to promote the border, and the Law of Roads.

What was the purpose of the Convención Dominico-Americana of 1907?

The Dominican Republic handed over control of its customs collections to the United States to pay off the external debt.