Kines exam 2 L07 Respiratory System

Respiratory system main function

to provide oxygen to body cells for metabolism and to eliminate carbon dioxide waste

which lung is larger and has three lobes

right lung

which lung is smaller and has two lobes

left lung

pleura

the doubled layered membrane surrounding the lungs

parietal pleura

the outer layer of the pleura which is attached to the chest wall

visceral pleura

the inner layer of the pleura that is closest to the lung itself

pleural space

the space between the pleura that contains a small amount of pleural fluid that helps lubricate the lungs

cilia

inside the nose; help the immune system rid the body of airborne pathogens by trapping dirt and bacteria

sputum

fluid produced by the mucous membranes of the nasal cavity that traps dirt and bacteria that moves past the cilia

sinuses

air-filled cavities that make the bones of the skull lighter and also help with breathing

turbinate bones

thin, curvy bony plates that project from the walls of the nasal cavity; help by heating or cooling the air as it enters the nose and controlling the pressure and flow of air through the nose

pharynx

region from the back of the throat down to the top of the trachea

nasopharynx

upper pharynx

oropharynx

middle pharynx

laryngeal pharynx

lower pharynx

tonsils

a type of lymphatic tissue found in the mouth and back of the throat area

what does lingual mean in Latin

tongue

adenoids

another type of lymphatic tissue that help filter out dirt and bacteria from the air with the tonsils

larynx

the opening at the top of the trachea

glottis

the opening between the two vocal cords

epiglottis

the little flap of skin that moves during digestion to protect the respiratory tract by flapping over the trachea so food does not enter it

trachea

“windpipe” that splits into the right bronchi and left bronchi

bronchioles

bronchi split into bronchioles which have alveoli at the end

alveoli

microscoping air-filled sacs where gas exchange occurs between oxygen coming in and carbon dioxide going out

expectoration

the natural coughing reflex that occurs if anything were to get into your trachea

pulmonary ventilation

the medical term for breathing

inspiration

inhalation or breathing in

expiration

exhalation or breathing out

what is the normal ventilation or respiratory rate for an adult

12-20 breaths/minute

external intercostals

help you breathe in by elevating the rib cage

internal intercostals

help you breathe out by lowering the rib cage

intubation

when a tube connected to a ventilator is inserted through a patient’s mouth into the trachea when a patient cannot breathe on their own

compliance

the ability of the lungs to expand and ventilate

surfactant

a fluid made of phospholipids and proteins produced by the alveolar cells in the alveoli and helps lubricate the lungs

what does the suffix “-pnea” mean

breathing

what does the suffix “-oxia” mean

level of oxygen

what does the suffix “-capnia” mean

level of carbon dioxide

what does the suffix “-phonia” mean

voice

what does the root “naso” mean

nose

what does the root “rhino” mean

nose

what does he root “pharyngo” mean

pharynx

what does the root “laryngo” mean

larynx

what does the root “tracheo” mean

trachea

what does the root “broncho” mean

bronchus

what does the root “bronchiol” mean

bronchiole

what does the root “phreno” mean

diaphragm

what does the root “phrenico” mean

phrenic nerve

what does the root “pleuro” mean

pleura

what does the root “pulmono” mean

lung

what does the root “pneumono” mean

lung

what does the root “pneumo” mean

air

what does the root “spiro” mean

breathing

hyperventilation

too much carbon dioxide is exhaled, breathing faster than 20 breaths per minute

alkalosis

blood becomes more basic, associated with hyperventilation, above normal pH levels

hypoventilation

when not enough carbon dioxide is exhaled, less than 12 breaths per minute

acidosis

when blood is more acidic, associated with hypoventilation, below normal pH levels

arterial blood gases

check for levels of hemoglobin, carbon dioxide, oxygen and bicarbonate. also measure pH

what is normal pH

7.35-7.45