Geography quiz 1

What is absolute location?

A fixed position using mathematical coordinates (latitude and longitude).

What does latitude measure?

Angular distance north or south of the equator.

What does longitude measure?

.Angular distance east or west of the prime meridian.

What is relative location?

A location defined in relation to other places.

What is "site" in geography?

The physical characteristics of a location.

What is "situation" in geography?

A location's position relative to other places or features.

What is Waldo Tobler’s “First Law of Geography”?

"Everything is related to everything else, but near things are more related than distant things."

What is absolute distance?

The physical linear distance between two points (e.g., kilometers).

What is relative distance?

Distance measured in terms of time, cost, or effort.

What is time-space convergence?

The idea that places appear to move closer together as travel and communication become faster.

What is absolute space?

Space defined by fixed coordinates—points, lines, and planes (e.g., latitude, longitude).

What is relative space?

Space defined by social or economic factors like cost or productivity.

What is cognitive space?

Space defined by people's experiences, perceptions, and values.

What are cognitive images?

Psychological representations of locations based on experience and perception.

What is a region?.

An area with characteristics that distinguish it from surrounding areas

What is a landscape in geography?

The visible features of an area shaped by natural and human processes

What is a palimpsest landscape?

A landscape showing layers of past and present human and physical geographies.

What is a map projection?

A method of representing Earth's 3D surface on a 2D map.

What does the Mercator projection preserve and distort?

Preserves direction, distorts size (especially near the poles).

What does the Gall-Peters projection preserve and distort?

Preserves size, distorts shape.

What does the Winkel Tripel projection do?.

Minimizes distortion of shape, size, distance, and direction.

What is special about the Fuller (Dymaxion) projection?

A: Reduces distortion of size and shape, but rearranges direction.

What is World-System Theory?

A theory that explains global inequality by analyzing relationships between countries, rather than internal factors.

What are core regions?

Areas with high productivity, advanced technology, and diversified economies.

What are peripheral regions?

Areas with dependent economies, low productivity, and limited technology access.

What are semi-peripheral regions?

Areas that exploit the periphery but are exploited by the core.

What is a key idea in World-System Theory?

Development in core areas comes from the exploitation of peripheral areas.

What is imperialism?

Use of political or economic power by one state to control another for its own benefit.

What is colonialism?

A form of imperialism involving settlement and direct rule.

Name some driving factors of colonialism.

Religion, trade, knowledge, slavery, power, territory.

What is ethnocentrism?

Belief in the superiority of one’s own culture or ethnicity.

What is environmental determinism?

the idea that the physical environment shapes societies.

What is the "White Man's Burden"

The belief that Europeans had a duty to "civilize" non-Europeans.

What is neo-colonialism?

Ongoing economic and political influence of former colonial powers over former colonies.

What are economic impacts of colonialism on the periphery?

Underdevelopment, economic dependency, and global labor division.

What are political impacts of colonialism?

Artificial boundaries and imposed political systems.

What are cultural impacts of colonialism?

Cultural erasure, forced assimilation, and race-based ideologies.

What is globalization

Growing interconnectedness through shared economic, political, and cultural processes.

What is neoliberalism?

The belief in the free market as the most efficient economic system, supporting privatization and free trade.

What are critiques of globalization?

It creates uneven outcomes and reinforces inequalities between core and periphery.

What is the digital divide?

Inequality in access to information and communication technologies.

What are “fast” and “slow” worlds?

Fast worlds are highly connected globally; slow worlds are less integrated and more isolated.

What is World-System Theory?

A theory that explains global inequality through historical and economic relationships between countries rather than internal conditions, dividing the world into core, semi-periphery, and periphery.

What are core regions

Highly developed economically diversified, technologically, advanced, and politically dominant regions In the global economy

What are peripheral regions?

Less developed regions with narrow economies, low productivity, independent trade relationship relationships with core regions

What are semi peripheral regions?

Regions that exploited peripheral areas that are themselves exploited by core regions often transitional economies

What is imperialism?

The policy or ideology of extending a countries’s power and influence through diplomacy, economic control, or military force

What is colonialism?

A form of imperialism - When a country takes over another rule it and settles there

What is neo colonialism?

Old control in new ways — Rich country still dominate poor ones through business or politics

What is decolonization?

When colonies win independence and break free from control

What is globalization?

The world becoming more connected through trade tech and culture

What is trans national corporation’s

(TNC’s?)

Big companies that work in many countries

what are commodity chains?

The step-by-step path, a product takes from raw material to your hands

What is the international division of labor?

Rich countries do the smart jobs pour ones do the cheap labour

What is the digital divide

The gap between people with Internet/tech and those without

What is north south divide

Rich countries(North) vs Poor ones(south)

what is spatial justice?

Fair access services and opportunities no matter where you live

What are fast worlds?

Places fully connected to the global economy

What are slow worlds?

Places left out or disconnected from global systems

What is ethnocentrism

Thinking your culture is better than others

What is environmental determinism

The idea that geography shapes how people live

What is sustainability?

Meeting today’s needs without hurting the future

What is a pandemic?

A disease outbreak that spreads worldwide

Compare and contrast, core peripheral and semi peripheral regions

Core: Wealthy, powerful, advanced technology, diverse economies, dominate global trade/politics (ex, US, Japan)

Peripheral: poor, low tech, narrow economies depend on are exploited by core (ex, Bangladesh, Haiti)

semi-peripheral: middle income, developing some industry/power exploit periphery but also exploited by core )ex, Brazil, India, Mexico)

What concept of space is used in the world system model?

Relative space - Relationships between places not fixed distances (In world system model countries are linked by economic, political, and social connections, not just a location on a map)

How to core regions try to maintain their dominance over peripheral regions

-Controlling trade

-Debt and financial dependence

-using cheap labor/resource

-Owning tech and capital

Explain the consequences of the international division of labour introduced by colonialism

Colonialism locked peripheral regions into Low value rules in the glow economy

-global and a quality crew

-created lasting trade patterns

-economic under development

Give examples of neo colonialism

-debt traps (loans)

-cultural dominance

-trade dependancy

What is globalization and how do global connections differ from those in the past?

Globalization: The world becoming more connected through trade, technology, culture, and politics

Today versus the past: faster, communication, quicker, travel, bigger companies working worldwide

Give examples of economic and cultural dimensions of globalization.

Economic example examples: Global supply chains and trade, foreign investment and loans

Cultural examples: fast food, chains worldwide, spread of languages

How does globalization increase rather than decrease the importance of place?

Globalization highlights, places by shaping local culture, economy, and identity. Places attract businesses and influence of global ideas are experienced.

Explain how globalization has intensified differences in prosperity between the core and the periphery

Globalization boosts rich core countries through tech trade investment, but often leaves peripheral countries dependent on low value exports

This widens the wealth gap and keeps periphery poorer

Compare and contrast the fast world and the slow world.

Fast world: Highly connected wealthy with good tech and infrastructure

Slow world: poorly connected, less developed, and limited access to tech and services

Both: represent different levels of participation in globalization

Analyze the causes and implications of the Digital divide

Cause: Unequal access To technology, infrastructure, education, income gaps

Implications: limits opportunities in education, jobs and information -or some inequality between connected unconnected regions

Explain the Differences among colonialism, imperialism, and colonialism

Imperialism: Powerful countries use military/economic force to control others

Colonialism: a form of imperialism involving direct political control, and settlement

Neocolonialism: indirect control through economic, political or cultural influence without formal rule

How have inequalities between former colonizers and former colonies persisted despite formal de colonization?

Economic dependence on former colonizers, continue control through debt, trade and investment, unequal access to technology and education, cultural dominance, and influence from former colonizers