Untitled Flashcards Set

Corrupt Bargain

The alleged agreement between Adams and Clay in the 1824 election where Adams became president, leading to claims of a stolen election by Jackson's supporters.

Jacksonian Democracy

Political philosophy advocating for greater democracy for the common man, associated with Andrew Jackson.

Spoils System

The practice of rewarding political supporters with government jobs, introduced by Andrew Jackson.

Tariff of Abominations

The high tariff imposed in 1828 that angered Southern states and led to the Nullification Crisis.

Nullification Crisis

The conflict between South Carolina and the federal government over the state's right to nullify federal laws.

Bank of the United States

A national bank that Jackson opposed, believing it benefited the wealthy at the expense of ordinary Americans.

Indian Removal Act of 1830

Legislation that led to the forced relocation of Native American tribes from their homelands in the Southeast.

Louisiana Purchase

The acquisition of the Louisiana Territory by the United States from France in 1803.

Manifest Destiny

The belief that American settlers were destined to expand across North America.

Emancipation Proclamation

Lincoln's executive order freeing slaves in Confederate states, issued after the Battle of Antietam.

Second Great Awakening

A religious revival movement in the early 1800s that inspired reform movements.

Transcendentalism

A philosophical movement emphasizing individual intuition, the inherent goodness of people, and nature.

Civil Disobedience

Thoreau's theory advocating the refusal to obey unjust laws.

Dorothea Dix

A reformer who worked for better treatment of the mentally ill.

Horace Mann

An advocate for public education who believed education was key to a better society.

Abolitionist Movement

A movement advocating for the end of slavery in the United States.

Frederick Douglass

An escaped slave and prominent abolitionist leader who published a narrative of his experiences.

Seneca Falls Convention

The first women's rights convention in 1848, which launched the women's suffrage movement.

Irish Immigration

A large influx of Irish immigrants in the 1800s, often facing discrimination due to their faith and background.

Erie Canal

A significant canal that connected the Hudson River with Lake Erie, facilitating transportation and trade.

McCormick Reaper

A mechanical device that made harvesting crops faster and more efficient.

Cotton Gin

An invention that revolutionized cotton farming by rapidly separating cotton fibers from seeds.

Dred Scott Case

The Supreme Court decision that ruled African Americans were not citizens and had no standing to sue.

John Brown's Raid

An armed abolitionist attempt led by John Brown to initiate a slave revolt.

Bleeding Kansas

A term describing the violent conflict in Kansas over the issue of slavery.

Popular Sovereignty

The principle that the government is created and sustained by the consent of its people, often applied to territories voting on slavery.

Fugitive Slave Law

A law that required the return of escaped slaves to their owners; part of the Compromise of 1850.

Ku Klux Klan

A white supremacist group formed after the Civil War, aimed at oppressing African Americans.

Compromise of 1877

An agreement that settled the disputed 1876 election and effectively ended Reconstruction.

Black Codes

Laws passed in the South after the Civil War to restrict the freedoms of African Americans.

Radical Reconstruction

A period of reconstruction focused on enforcing civil rights for freed slaves and rebuilding the South.

Civil War

The war in the United States from 1861 to 1865, fought between the North (Union) and the South (Confederacy).

Battle of Bull Run

The first major battle of the Civil War, resulting in a Confederate victory.

Vicksburg

A significant battle during the Civil War that gave control of the Mississippi River to the Union.

Gettysburg

A turning point battle in the Civil War, marking the last Confederate invasion of the North.

Sherman's March to the Sea

A military campaign led by General Sherman, involving total war tactics to weaken the South.

Reconstruction

The period following the Civil War aimed at rebuilding the South and integrating freed slaves into society.

Social Contract

John Locke's theory that governments derive their authority from the consent of the governed.

Declaration of Independence

The document declaring the American colonies independent from British rule.

Natural Rights

The rights inherent to all human beings, including life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.

Consent of the Governed

The principle that a government derives its legitimacy from the consent of the people.

Civil Rights Act of 1866

A law aimed at protecting the civil rights of African Americans post-Civil War.

Emancipation

The act of freeing enslaved individuals.

Union Victory

A term referring to the successful outcomes of battles and strategies by the Union during the Civil War.

Military Reconstruction

The period when the South was placed under military control to enforce Reconstruction law.

Compromise of 1850

A package of legislation aimed at easing tensions between free and slave states.

Secession

The withdrawal of Southern states from the Union, leading to the Civil War.

Total War

A strategy of waging war that involves not just defeating the enemy's military but also destroying its economic resources.