Social Psychology & Personality

Conformity

The process when people changes their ideals to fit inside a group

Normative Social Influence

The drive to conform to others to get positive effect like being accepted to the conversation

Social norms

Unspoken rules that shows acceptable behavior in society

Relative Deprivation

Feeling of being not enough from comparing yourself to others

Upward social comparision

Comparing yourself to others who are better than us. Motivate self-improvement but decreases self-esteem

Informational Social influence

Influence to accept info from others as evidence in reality

Obedience

following commands from an authoritative figure that tells us what to do
Milgram “obedience study”

Social facilitation

Performing differently when people are watching

Group polarization

People in a group talked about an idea. Agreeing would be stronger here as people are all grouped together

Groupthink

Peace in groups that lead to bad outcomes by trying to maintain peace in the group

Bystander effect

people are unlike to help when there’s more people watching a situation

Diffusion of responsibility

People feels less responsible when there are other people

Social loafing

People put less effort in working in a group than working alone

Deindividuation

A psychological state where people felt that they lost individuality in a setting where there’s a lot of people

Attribution Theory

Explained by how people make decision based on their personality or situation

Dispositional attributions

assuming a person’s action are based on their personality

Situational Attributions

Assuming people’s action are based on their situation

Explanatory Style

How a person usually explains the reasons behind their actions

Optimistic Explanatory Style

Good things are gonna happen again and bad things are just a one time thing.

Pessimistic Explanatory Style

Bad things are gonna happen, but good things are just a one time thing.

Fundamental attribution error

Blame people’s action instead of their own actions

Actor-Observer Bias

Blaming ourselves for our actions and blame others for their personality

Self-serving bias

Praising ourselves because of our good characteristics and blame failure because of other reasons

Stereotype

A generalized belief about people

Confirmation bias

searching evidence based on your beliefs only

Belief perserverance

holding on your beliefs when it was still proven false

Self fulfilling prophecy

A belief that other people has that makes you think like them

expectations lead to the desired outcome

Prejudice

negativity to a certain group of people

Discrimination

negative actions/behaviors to a certain group of people

Implicit Attitudes

unconscious thoughts that you are not aware of

just-world phenomenon

belief that stated that the world is fair and people gets what they want

persuasion

Influence people through talking by having to appeal to behaviors and emotions

Elaboration likelihood model

People think about persuasive messages about deep analysis or the status of the person

Central route of persuasion

Method of persuasion where you would analyze and consideration about your message to make it more persuable.

Peripheral route of persuasion

Method of persuasion where people’s status and facial features are seen more than the message

halo effect

a positive judgment of one area leads to a positive judgment in all areas

Foot-in-the-door technique

a persuasive method where sellers offer small which later lead seller would be more complied to a large offer

Door-In-The-Face technique

persuasive method where you start by big offers first then go all in

False consensus effect

cognitive bias where people think others agree with their opinions

Cognitive Dissonance

Actions we do that doesn’t match with our beliefs

Industrial Organizational Psychologists

Psychologists who uses psychological method to improve the productivity of the workspace and workers.

Out-group homogeneity bias

We assume people that are not in the same group are alike to us.

In-group bias

Favoring more on our group rather than other different groups, leading to a better judgment and treatment in your group

Mere exposure effect

Repeated stimulus will make a person to want that stimulus more

Ethnocentricism

Belief that your own ethnic group is better than every ethnic group out there

Collectivism

Cultural Value that emphasizes on group’s well being rather than individualism

Multiculturalism

View that encourages various social and cultural values in society, respecting diverse cultural backgrounds

Superordinate goals

Shared goals that requires coordination, understanding differences of each other to work together.

Social trap

Situation where people seek for an immediate relief/reward that later has a negative effect over time.