Time Period 4 APUSH

Louisiana Purchase

A key policy by Thomas Jefferson in 1803 that expanded the United States territory.

Embargo Act

A policy enacted in 1807 by Thomas Jefferson to avoid war with Britain and France.

Judicial Review

The power established by Marbury v. Madison (1803) allowing the Supreme Court to declare laws unconstitutional.

Sanctity of Contracts

A principle reinforced by Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819) emphasizing the inviolability of contracts.

Federal Supremacy

The principle established by McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) that federal law is supreme over state law.

Cohens v. Virginia

A Supreme Court case from 1821 that strengthened federal authority by allowing review of state court decisions.

Interstate Commerce

The area of trade and business regulated by Congress as expanded by Gibbons v. Ogden (1824).

Hartford Convention

A 1814 meeting of New England Federalists protesting the War of 1812, leading to the party's decline.

Missouri Compromise

An 1820 agreement admitting Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state.

Monroe Doctrine

A policy established in 1823 warning European nations against interference in the Americas.

Market Revolution

A shift towards a commercial and industrial economy driven by innovations like the cotton gin.

Tariff of Abominations

An 1828 protective tariff that angered Southern states and contributed to the Nullification Crisis.

Nullification Crisis

The 1832 confrontation between South Carolina and the federal government regarding the Tariff of Abominations.

Jacksonian Democracy

A political movement advocating for greater democracy for common people during Andrew Jackson's presidency.

Cherokee v. Georgia

The 1831 Supreme Court case that ruled in favor of the Cherokee regarding their forced relocation.

Worcester v. Georgia

The 1832 case where the Supreme Court ruled in favor of the Cherokee, which was ignored by Jackson.

Eli Whitney

Inventor of the cotton gin, a revolutionary machine that increased cotton production.