Periodic Table Test

What is the smallest unit of matter?

Atom

What surrounds the nucleus and contains negatively charged electrons?

Electron Cloud

What contains the positive protons and neutral neutrons in an atom?

Nucleus

What type of particle has a positive charge and is the atomic number of the element?

Proton

What type of particle is electrically neutral and determines the isotope of an element?

Neutron

What are the negatively charged particles with almost no mass called?

Electron

What is an organized table of all 118 elements?

Periodic Table

What is one type of atom known as?

Element

What is the term for the number of protons in an atom?

Atomic Number

What is a one or two-letter representation of an element called?

Chemical Symbol

What is the average mass of an atom, which equals the sum of protons and neutrons?

Atomic Mass

What are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons called?

Isotopes

What are electrons located in the outermost layer of an atom called?

Valence Electrons

What is an atom that loses a valence electron referred to as?

Cation

What is an atom that gains a valence electron referred to as?

Anion

How many elements are on the periodic table?

118 elements

What are the four parts of an element block on the periodic table?

Atomic Number, Chemical Symbol, Element Name, Atomic Mass

What are the vertical columns of the periodic table called?

Groups

What are the horizontal rows of the periodic table called?

Periods

What determines the atomic number of an element?

The number of protons it has

What are the rules for writing chemical symbols?

One or two letters, first letter capitalized, any second letter lowercase.

What is the Group 1 of the periodic table known as?

Alkali metals

What is Group 18 known as?

Noble gases

What are Groups 3-12 known as?

Transition metals

How do metals typically appear?

Shiny with high luster

What are some characteristics of nonmetals?

Dull, usually brittle, usually less dense

What examples are given for nonmetals?

Oxygen, Chlorine, Argon

What examples are given for metals?

Iron, Tin, Sodium

What type of elements are characterized as dull or shiny, often malleable, and ductile?

Metalloids

What is an example of a metalloid?

Boron, Silicon, Arsenic

How do you draw a detailed simple atom model?

Get info on atomic number and mass, draw nucleus, add particles, illustrate electron shell.

How many electrons can be placed in the first shell of an atom?

2 electrons

How many electrons can the second and third shells hold?

8 electrons each

What is the primary factor in determining the organization of elements in periods?

Energy levels

What is the significance of an element's chemical symbol?

Represents the element in one or two letters.

What type of particle determines the atomic mass of an atom?

Sum of protons and neutrons

What can isotopes of an element have different amounts of?

Neutrons

What type of elements are usually less dense and brittle?

Nonmetals

What is the atomic mass equivalent to in terms of particle composition?

Protons plus Neutrons