Periodic Table Test

Definitions

  • Atom - smallest unit of matter

  • Electron Cloud: surrounds the nuclues where negatively charged electrons orbit

  • Nuclues - contains the postive protons and the neutral neutrons; contains almost all the mass

  • Proton: positively charged particles; the atomic of the element

  • Neutron: electrically neutral particles; determines the isotope of the element.

  • Electron: negatively charged particles with almost no mass

  • Periodic Table: an organized table of all 118 elements

  • Element: one type of atom

  • Atomic Number: number of protons (and electrons if needed)

  • Chemical symbol: 1 or 2 letters that represents the element

  • Atomic Mass: Average mass of atom; equals protons and nuetrons

  • Isotopes: Atoms of the same element with different numbers of nuetrons. Isotopes always have the same number of protons with different atomic masses.

  • Valence Electron: electron located in the outermost layer

  • Cation: An atom that loses a valence electron (+)

  • Anion: an atom that gains a valence electron (-)

Periodic Table

  • There are 118 elements on the periodic table

  • There are four parts to an element block: Atomic Number, Chemical Symbol, Element Name, Atomic mass

  • The periodic table is set up into groups (up and down, 18 groups, and they all have similar properties) and periods (rows across, 7 periods, categorized based on energy levels)

  • Atomic number is determined by the number of protons it has

  • The rules for writing chemical symbols are that they have to be one or two letters, must always start with a capital letter, and any second letter must be lowercase

  • Some elements aren’t named like their element block because they took the Latin name of the element (ex. Sodium - Na)

  • Group 1 is known as Akali metals

  • Group 18 is known as Noble gases

  • 2-17 is known as transition metals

  • Difference between group 1 and group 18

Metals, Non Metals, Metailloids

Metailloids

  • dull or shiny

  • often malleable - hammered into thin sheets

  • often ductile - pulled into thin wires

  • Examples: Boron, Silicon, Arsenic

Non Metals

  • dull

  • usually brittle

  • usually less dense

  • Examples - Oxygen, Chlorine, Argon

Metals

  • shiny (high luster)

  • metallic

  • everything that mettaloids

  • Examples: Iron, Tin, Sodium

Atoms

How to draw a detailled simple atom model

  1. Get all your info - what are you drawing? Atomic Number, Atomic Mass

  2. Draw your nuclues - draw as many circles as your atomic mass, label an atomic number with plus signs - protons.

  3. Start drawing the electron shell - however many circles you draw around the nuclues is what period its in

  4. Put your electrons on the electron shell - 2, then 8, then 8, then hope you dont need another one