religion unit 3

Flashcards covering diffusion of religion and language, universalizing and ethnic religions, and language concepts.

What are universalizing religions?

Religions that attempt to be global and appeal to all people, wherever they may live in the world, not just to those of one culture or location.

Universalizing Religions: Christianity - Place of Worship

Church

Universalizing Religions: Christianity - Monotheistic/Polytheistic

Monotheistic

Universalizing Religions: Christianity - Description of faith

Belief in one God and the teachings of Jesus Christ

Universalizing Religions: Christianity - Hearth

Jerusalem

Universalizing Religions: Christianity - Diffusion

Hierarchical and relocation diffusion; spread through missionaries and colonization.

Universalizing Religions: Islam - Place of Worship

Mosque

Universalizing Religions: Islam - Monotheistic/Polytheistic

Monotheistic

Universalizing Religions: Islam - Description of faith

Belief in one God (Allah) and the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad

Universalizing Religions: Islam - Hearth

Mecca

Universalizing Religions: Islam - Diffusion

Rapid expansion through military conquest and trade; later through missionaries.

Universalizing Religions: Buddhism - Place of Worship

Temple, Monastery

Universalizing Religions: Buddhism - Monotheistic/Polytheistic

Neither (non-theistic)

Universalizing Religions: Buddhism - Description of faith

Belief in the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path to achieve enlightenment

Universalizing Religions: Buddhism - Hearth

India

Universalizing Religions: Buddhism - Diffusion

Spread through missionaries and trade, especially along the Silk Road.

Universalizing Religions: Sikhism - Place of Worship

Gurdwara

Universalizing Religions: Sikhism - Monotheistic/Polytheistic

Monotheistic

Universalizing Religions: Sikhism - Description of faith

Belief in one God and the teachings of the ten Sikh Gurus

Universalizing Religions: Sikhism - Hearth

Punjab region of India

Universalizing Religions: Sikhism - Diffusion

Spread primarily within India and through migration to other parts of the world.

What are ethnic religions?

Religions that are closely tied to a particular ethnic group or location.

Ethnic Religions: Hinduism - Place of Worship

Temple, Shrine

Ethnic Religions: Hinduism - Monotheistic/Polytheistic

Polytheistic (though some consider it henotheistic)

Ethnic Religions: Hinduism - Description of faith

Belief in reincarnation, karma, and dharma; worship of many gods and goddesses.

Ethnic Religions: Hinduism - Hearth

India

Ethnic Religions: Hinduism - Diffusion

Primarily remained in India, with some spread to Southeast Asia and other parts of the world through migration.

Ethnic Religions: Judaism - Place of Worship

Synagogue

Ethnic Religions: Judaism - Monotheistic/Polytheistic

Monotheistic

Ethnic Religions: Judaism - Description of faith

Belief in one God and the teachings of the Torah; emphasizes covenant between God and the Jewish people.

Ethnic Religions: Judaism - Hearth

Israel

Ethnic Religions: Judaism - Diffusion

Spread through diaspora (forced migration) to various parts of the world.

What is the difference between a protolanguage and a language family?

A protolanguage is a reconstructed ancestral language from which multiple languages are derived, while a language family is a group of languages descended from a common protolanguage.

Describe a language branch and group.

A language branch is a collection of languages related through a common ancestor that existed several thousand years ago. A language group is a set of languages within a branch that share a more recent common origin and have many similar characteristics.

Define dialect.

A regional variety of a language distinguished by vocabulary, spelling, and pronunciation.

Explain the difference between a language and a dialect.

A language is a system of communication used by a particular community or country, while a dialect is a regional variation of a language that is mutually intelligible with other dialects of the same language.