THE CELL THEORY & MAJOR SUB-CELLULAR ORGANELLES

Cell Theory

This refers to a set of ideas, now universally

accepted, that living things are made up of

cells.

cell

is the fundamental unit of all living

organisms and is also the basic unit for

reproduction.

Robert Hooke

The scientific study of cells began with

_____________ in the 17th century.

17th century (1665)

The scientific study of cells began with

Robert Hooke in the ________________

Robert Hooke

Who observed box shaped structures while

looking at cork, which he called "cells" as

they reminded him of the cells, or rooms, in

monasteries

modern cell theory

is largely credited to

the studies done by Matthias Schleiden and

Theodor Schwann in the 19th century.

Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann

modern cell theory is largely credited to

the studies done by _____________ and

___________ in the 19th century.

19th century

The modern cell theory is largely credited to

the studies done by Matthias Schleiden and

Theodor Schwann in the _____________

Rudolf Virchow

He also contributed to the

firming of modern cell theory.

Matthias Schleiden

Concluded that all plant tissues are

composed of cells and that an embryonic

plant arose from a single cell.

Theodor Schwann

founded modern histology by defining the

cell as the basic unit of animal structure.

Rudolf Virchow

- described that every cell originates from

another existing cell like it

unicellar and multicellular

The former is called single celled or

___________ organisms, the latter ___________.

virus

- does not meet the third postulate of

cell theory, and for that reason it is not

considered a living thing

- - not an organism

Prokaryotes

• Unicellular

• No true nucleus

• Structures are not bound by a membrane

• One circular strand of DNA

• Smaller (1-10 μm)

Eukaryotes

• Multicellular

• Has nucleus

• Organelles are enclosed by a membrane

• Many DNA strands

• Larger (10-100 μm)

virus

neither unicellular nor

multicellular.

virus

is a strand of DNA or RNA with a

protective shell made from protein.

Bacteria

- is ubiquitous, mostly free-living

organism often consisting of one biological

cell.

- not an organism

plasma membrane,

cytoplasm, ribosomes, and DNA material.

what are the similarities between prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)

is a double-stranded nucleic acid that

contains the genetic information for cell

growth, division, and function.

Major Sub - Cellular Organelles

• One of the often observed phenomena in

biology is the tight connection between

structure and function.

Major Sub - Cellular Organelles

This is observed frequently in biology, it is

among the unifying themes of living things

function

The structure of an organelle defines its __________

structure

the function of an organelle depends on its ___________

Cell Membrane

Made from proteins and lipids, controls the

movement of materials in and out of cells,

maintains the structural integrity of the cell.

Centrosome

- Helps distribute chromosomes to daughter

cells during cell reproduction, and initiates

formation of cilia.

Chromatin

Made from protein and DNA molecules,

contains genetic information for protein

synthesis.

Cytoplasm

A semifluid substance that constitutes the

main body of the cell, it contains many

subcellular organelles.

Cytoplasm

Many chemical and cellular processes take

place in the _________.

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum and Rough

Endoplasmic Reticulum

What are the two types of endoplasmic reticulum?

Endoplasmic Reticulum

A network of interconnected sacs and canals,

transports materials within cells.

Endoplasmic Reticulum

It is the site for protein synthesis.

Golgi Body

Flattened sacs, they package protein

molecules for secretion, it is the origin of

lysosomes.

Lysosomes

Membranous sacs, they contain enzymes

that assist in the digestion of substances in

the cell.

Microfilaments & Microtubules

Give support to the cytoplasm, they serve as

the cytoskeleton, they also help move

materials in the cell.

Mitochondria

A membranous sac with many internal

compartments, it generates the cell's supply

of energy.

Mitochondria

- It is the powerhouse of eukaryotic cell.

Nuclear Envelope

A porous double nuclear membrane which

separates the contents of the nucleus from

the cytoplasm.

Nuclear Envelope

It maintains the wholeness of the nucleus

and controls the exchange of materials

between the nucleus and cytoplasm.

Nucleolus

A dense small body in the nucleus that

contains protein and RNA. Involved in the

production of ribosomes

Nucleus

- Large membrane-bound organelle that

contains the genetic material in the form of DNA molecules which are organized into

structures called chromosomes.

Nucleus

- It is the "central government of the cell."

Ribosomes

Particles composed of protein and RNA.

Ribosomes

- It serves as the site for of protein synthesis

Vesicles

Membranous sacs, temporary storage for

food and enzymes, involved in metabolism,

transport and buoyancy control