Year 10 Physics

Define average

a measure of central tendency, which summarises a set of numbers into a single, central score

How is average calculated

the sum of scores over the number of scores

What is absolute uncertainty

the estimated size of the smallest possible error in a measurement, usually caused by instrument precision

What does absolute uncertianty affect

the reliability of the data

What is percentage uncertianty

it expresses the absolute uncertainty in a measurement as a proportion of the measured value, multiplied by 100% to give a percentage.

What does percentage uncertianty measure

how significant the uncertainty is relative to the size of the measurement itself

How is absolute uncertainty measured

the maximum value take the minimum value over

How is percentage uncertainty measured

the absolute uncertainty over the measurement times 100%

How is km/hr converted to m/s

multiplied by 3.6

How is m/s converted to km/hr

divided by 3.6

What is a scalar quantity

a measurement which has size- magnitude

What are examples of scalar quantities

volume, time, temp and speed

What is a vector quantity

a measurement which has size- magnitude and direction

What are examples of vector quantities

weight, thrust, magnetic field and velocity

What is distance

a scalar measurement of how far apart objects are, which has magnitude but no direction

What is displacement

a vector quantity and a measurement of the change in position of a moving object, which has magnitude and direction

What is the resultant vector

the outcome of combining

How is the resultant vector calculated

if the vectors are on the same line, they are added, but if displacements are at a right angle, pythagorous is used.

What is speed

a scalar quantity that measures how quickly something moves

What is average speed

the total distance or total time an object has moved

How is average speed calculated

the distance travelled over the time taken

How is distance calculated

the average speed multiplied by the time

How is time calculated (speed)

the distance over the average speed

What is velocity

the vector quantity equivalent to speed but which has direction as well as magnitude, using displacement instead of distance

How is velocity calculated

the displacement over the time

How is displacement calculated

the velocity multiplied by the time

How is time calculated (velocity)

the displacement over the velocity

What part of the graph is a measure of acceleration in speed/velocity time graphs

the gradient

How is acceleration calculated

a = v-u/t where v is the final velocity, u is the initial velocity, and t is the time

How is final velocity calculated from acceleration

v = u+at

How is initial velocity calculated from acceleration

u = v-at

How is time calculated from acceleration

t = v-u/a

What is acceleration

any change in velocity, measured in m/s

What are the forms of acceleration

speeding up- positive, slowing down- negative, and changing direction

What is constant acceleration

motion in which the speed increases by the same amount each second

What is a force

a vector quantity that involves a push or pull and involves an interaction between two objects where each force is exerted on one object by another

What is a contact force

a force which occurs when two objects are touching

What is a non-contact force

a force which occurs when two objects are not touching through fields

What is friction

a type of force which resists the movement of an object when rubbing against another

What is air resistance

when an object gains friction while moving through air, resisting its movement

What is water resistance

when an object gains friction while moving through water, resisting its movement

What is normal force

the force which acts on an imaginary line drawn perpendicular to the surface providing support to an object

What is tension

the pulling force transmitted along a rope, string, cable or chain on an object

What is applied force

force applied to an object by a person or another object

What is elastic force

the force that allows some materials to return to their original shape after being bent or stretched

What is Newtons' first law

an object will remain either at rest or under constant motion until it is acted on by an external unbalanced force

What is inertia

inertia is not a force but instead the tendency of an object to maintain velocity

If the forces acting on an object are equal and opposite, then…

the net force is 0 and there is no change in the objects motion

What is net force

the sum of forces acting on an object

What is balanced force

is when two forces have the same strength but act in opposite directions, meaning they cancel out and the object has a net force of 0 N

What is unbalanced force

is when two forces have different strengths or do not act in opposite directions, meaning they do not cancel out and the object's motion changes

What is Newton's second law

an object will accelerate in the direction of an unbalanced force acting upon it

What is the formula for newton's second law

force = mass x acceleration

How is acceleration calculated from newton's second law

acceleration = force over mass

How is mass calculated from newton's second law

mass = force over acceleration

What is Newton's third law

for every action force there is an equal and opposite reaction forc