Renaissance Art and Architecture -works and people Unit IIA

Santa Maria del Fiore

main early Renaissance cathedral, demonstrates humanism by size, Greco-roman simplicity, marble facade and dome (like Pantheon) designed by Brunelleschi, Campanilla del Fiore (belltower) designed by Giotto, Baptistria del Fiore = baptistry

Santa Croce

early Renaissance church, Greco-Roman simple facade, Star of David from donation by Jewish community for repairs/reconstruction (helps identify it)

Palazzo Medici

Bank and home of Medici, long buildings with courtyards for security, Greco-Roman culture - rounded arches, pediments

San Lorenzo

home church of Medici family - built for security after conspiracy, no facade, beautiful interior

Capella Medici

Mausoleum (indoor cemetery) for Medici family - designed by Michelangelo, Greco-Roman culture - proportions, dome, optical illusion of size

Palazzo Pitti

Pitti home and bank, Greco-Roman culture - pediments and arches

Bargello

medieval fortress structure - jail, now used as museum for Renaissance sculptures

Palazzo della Signoria

built in Middle Ages, asymmetrical clock tower (common in M.A.), Greco-Roman style art on interior

Ponte Vecchio

means “old bridge”, built before Renaissance, has shops/buildings on bridge (originally used as butcher shops to discard debris into river)

Ponte San Trinita

Renaissance bridge built in 1300s, Greco-Roman culture - arches, symmetry, simplicity, legend of Holy Trinity blessing bridge, destroyed in WWII and rebuilt by locals

San Pietro (St. Peter’s)

Church of the Pope, MASSIVE, closest place to Peter, built during Renaissance, Greco-Roman culture - pediment, columns, dome built by Michelangelo - St. Peter’s square w/ columns and sculptures of apostles, artwork on interior

Madonna and Child

wood panel panting by Giotto, Greco-roman culture - symmetry, arch, neutral expressions - struggled with skin color, depth, realism and babies

The Expulsion

fresco painting by Masaccio, biblical story (Adam and Eve/original sin), incorrect anatomy proportions, no muscle tension, humanism - paints Adam laughing - not in bible

Primavera

large canvas painting by Botticelli, means “spring”, Greco-Roman culture - mythological scene (NOT religious!)

The Birth of Venus

canvas painting by Botticelli, Greco-Roman culture - mythology, Aphrodite

The Baptism of Christ

by Verrocchio, scene from the Bible in Jordan, includes John the Baptist (with animal skins and bowl for baptism) and Jesus, student was Leonardo Da Vinci and went on to become famous

Concert

canvas painting by Titian, excellent skin tones and realism

John the Baptist

canvas painting by Andrea del Sarto, perfected 3D/depth effect, uses animal skins and cross to indicate bible figure - uses SHADOWS to create ILLUSION of DEPTH!!

Mona Lisa

canvas painting by Leonardo Da Vinci, famous because no one knows who subject is or what their soul is supposed to show

Christ of the Bullfinch

canvas painting by Raphaello, religious, has Mary (always in blue) and Jesus (associated with red), John the Baptist (in animal skins), calm, feminine, maternal, no conflict

The Little Holy Family

canvas painting by Michelangelo, holy family, shows physical power/stress, incudes people in background for variety of figures, masculine

Filippo Brunelleschi

architect that designed dome on Santa Maria del Fiore, studied Pantheon to create it

Giotto

designed Campanilla del Fiore (belltower) to tell time during Renaissance era, early Renaissance, painted Madonna and Child, struggled with skin color, depth, realism, and babies

Michelangelo Buonarroti

designed dome on San Pietro (St. Peter’s), painted in masculine style showing physical power/stress in all of his paintings, painted Little Holy Family and ceiling and altar wall of Sistine Chapel, sculpted the David

Masaccio

painter from Florence, painted “The Expulsion,” chose to make Adam laughing, demonstrating humanism

Botticellio

painted “Primavera” and “The Birth of Venus” in Greco-Roman style using mythology (NOT religious)

Andrea del Verrocchio

painter from Florence, painted “The Baptism of Christ”, Leonardo was his student

Titian

painted “Concert,” excelled in skin tone and portraits and realism

Andrea del Sarto

painted “John the Baptist”, perfected DEPTH/3D effect, used SHADOWS to create ILLUSION of DEPTH

Leonardo Da Vinci

painted the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper, extremely famous, very creative and intentional

Raphaello

contemporary of Michelangelo and Leonardo, painted “Christ of the Bullfinch”, calm, serene, feminine style with no conflict in paintings

Sistine Chapel

fresco, in the Vatican, ceiling painted by Michelangelo (scenes from Old Testament), side walls painted by Raphaello (life of Jesus), altar wall painted later by Michelangelo (The Last Judgement)

Donatello

sculptor, earlier Renaissance generation, made first true Renaissance sculpture

David (Donatello)

bronze sculpture, Greco-Roman culture - nude, leaning on one leg, difficult - biblical figure (David and Goliath), young looking

Perseus

bronze sculpture by Benvenuto Cellini, Greco-Roman culture - mythology

Benvenuto Cellini

sculptor of “Perseus,” wrote Murder in the Streets about Italian culture

David (Michelangelo)

in Florence, marble sculpture, considered most perfect work of the Renaissance, Greco-Roman culture - style, leaning, expression. humanism - SIZE, focus on MAN, difficulty. sculpted before killing Goliath in bible

Dante Alighieri

wrote the Divine Comedy - first humanist work and in Florence’s vernacular

Machiavelli

wrote The Prince - first secular and amoral work in Modern Era

Castiglione

wrote The Courtier - how to be best Renaissance man - well rounded

Erasmus of Rotterdam

Northern renaissance (from Netherlands), wrote The Philosophy of Christ about translating the bible into the vernacular

Mirandola

wrote On the Dignity of Man - one of the best examples of humanism in history - explains how man’s talents come from God and man can choose to pursue them