Chapter 44: Psychosocial Issues of Infants, Children, and Adolescents

What are psychosocial issues that can affect pediatric clients?

Issues such as depression, which may arise from or be independent of physical illness, and can lead to somatic manifestations.

What must be present for one year to diagnose major depressive disorder in children?

Findings indicative of depression.

List three expected findings in children with depression.

Sad facial expressions, withdrawn behavior, feelings of worthlessness.

What are some risk factors for depression in children?

Family history, traumatic events.

What nursing action should be taken for a child with a depressive disorder?

Monitor for suicidal ideation and assist with coping strategies.

Name a common medication class used to treat depression in children.

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).

What are early indicators of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after a traumatic event?

Initial response lasts a few minutes to 2 hours, involving increased stress hormones.

What are common manifestations of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)?

Inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity.

What is one characteristic of Autism Spectrum Disorder?

Delays in social interaction, communication, and imaginative play.

What should nursing care for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder include?

Use behavioral checklists and positive reinforcement.

What is the main manifestation of Failure to Thrive (FTT)?

Inadequate growth that falls below the fifth percentile for weight.

What are common causes of Failure to Thrive?

Inadequate caloric intake, absorption issues, increased metabolism.

What is a key assessment finding in child maltreatment?

Vague explanations of injuries and a delay in seeking care.

What behavior may indicate a risk of suicidal ideation in a depressed child?

A sudden change in mood from sad to happy and peaceful.

What action is required of healthcare providers regarding suspected child maltreatment?

Mandatory reporting to protect the child and provide care.

What are some nursing interventions for maltreatment in children?

Conduct detailed history and physical exams, document all findings thoroughly.

What is one expected physical indicator of maltreatment in children?

Bruises or welts in various stages of healing.

What are common behavioral indicators of a child with maltreatment?

Withdrawal, aggression, extreme behaviors, delayed development.

What are the manifestations of abusive head trauma (AHT) or shaken baby syndrome?

Vomiting, respiratory distress, bulging fontanels, seizures.

What should be included in patient education for caregivers on maltreatment?

Recognize and respond to signs of maltreatment and maintain supportive communication.

What are the signs of emotional maltreatment in children?

Failure to thrive, lack of social smile, withdrawal.