Political Systems and Ideologies: Key Concepts

These flashcards contain key terms and definitions related to political systems and ideologies relevant for examination preparation.

Direct Democracy

A system where all citizens participate directly in decision making.

Representative Democracy

A system where elected representatives make decisions on behalf of the public.

Democratic Deficit

A situation where democratic institutions or processes fail to represent the preferences of the population.

Pluralism

A political system where multiple groups compete for power and influence.

Devolution

The transfer of powers from a central government to regional or local governments.

Electoral Reform

Changes to the electoral process aimed at improving fairness and representation.

First Past the Post (FPTP)

An electoral system where the candidate with the most votes in a constituency wins, often leading to disproportionate representation.

Electoral Commission

An independent body that oversees elections and regulates political party funding in the UK.

Human Rights Act

A UK law that incorporates the European Convention on Human Rights into domestic law.

Think Tanks

Research organizations that influence public policy and political decisions.

Pressure Groups

Organizations that aim to influence government policy on specific issues.

Collectivism

The principle of prioritizing the group over individual interests in social, economic, and political contexts.

Individual Rights

Legal entitlements that protect individuals from government overreach and ensure freedom.

Social Equity

The fair distribution of resources and opportunities across society.

Tyranny of the Majority

A situation in which the majority's interests infringe on the rights of the minority.

Political Apathy

A lack of interest and engagement in political processes, often leading to low voter turnout.

Voter ID Laws

Regulations requiring voters to present specific forms of identification at polling stations.

Electoral Turnout

The percentage of eligible voters who cast a ballot in an election.

Party Funding

The financial support received by political parties, which can influence policies and access to power.