yap dollar psych

Thomas is walking down his favorite street in town. Which division of the nervous system enables him to move his muscles voluntarily to do this?

somatic

_____________(meaning "in addition to" or "above and beyond" genetics), studies the molecular mechanisms by which environments can trigger or block genetic expression.

epigenetic

Which division of the nervous system calms a person down once a stressful event has passed?

parasympathetic

The body's speedy, electrochemical information system is called the ___________

nervous system

The "master gland" that controls the others in the endocrine system is called the

pituitary

Viewing the diagram of the neuron (on screen), the axons are labeled

C

Viewing the diagram of the neuron (on screen), the dendrites are labeled

A

When Mr. Valdez thought his 1-year-old daughter had fallen down the stairs, his heartbeat accelerated, his blood pressure rose, and he began to perspire heavily.

Mr. Valdez's state of arousal was activated by his ________ nervous system.

sympathetic

An undersupply of the major inhibitory neurotransmitter known as ________ is linked to seizures.

GABA

Prozac, a drug commonly prescribed to treat depression, prevents the sending neuron from taking in excess serotonin. Which process does this drug prevent from taking place?

Reuptake

The ability of the brain is to constantly change, building new pathways as it adjusts to new experiences or reorganizing after damage is known as

neuroplasticity

When looking at a flying bird, we are consciously aware of our cognitive processing ("It's a bird!") but not of our subconscious processing of the bird's form, color, distance, and movement. This illustrates what psychologists call

dual processing

Match the lobe with its correct function

processing sensory input -- parietal lobe

decision making/judgment -- frontal lobe

auditory/ sound processing -- temporal lobe

visual processing -- occipital lobe

The nerve fibers connecting the left and right hemispheres of the brain

Corpus Callosum

Your ability to experience physical sensations is most likely to be disrupted by damage to your

Thalamus

After an accident, Lana forgets most of what she learned to prepare for her law exam. She also has difficulty retrieving information about the basic functions and daily processes of her job, which she has worked for 5 years. Lana had enjoyed playing her guitar in a band, but now can't remember what string movements to play for songs she practiced many times. What part of Lana's brain was impacted?

Hippocampus

Which two theories, when combined, best explain how humans perceive color?

Trichromatic and opponent-process theories

If a wave has high amplitude, which of the following are true?

A light wave is seen as bright/intense, a sound wave is heard as loud sound

Leon is on a trip to a debate tournament in a small, rural town he's never visited before. When he gets out of the van, he immediately smells a strong odor of manure. Leonard wonders how anyone lives in the town with the constant smell of manure. what psychological principle explains why residents of the town do NOT constantly perceive the smell?

sensory adaptation

As Jeff reads his psychology textbook, he is able to convert the light waves into signals that his brain can interpret due to

transduction

Sara is about to take her driver's test. Which region of the brain plays the most significant role in her sense of alertness and arousal?

reticular formation

what endogenous morphines work to alleviate pain and inhibit substance P, the body's pain neurotransmitter?

endorphins

What is the third stage of visual processing?

On the retina, specialized cells called photoreceptors (rods and cones) convert the light into electrical signals

What is NOT a key difference between correlational and experimental studies?

correlational studies include independent and dependent variables that can be tested as cause/effect relationships; experimental studies contain two naturally occurring variables

The scatterplot on Graph A shows:

weak negative correlation

On a grid showing a "tail" on the left, with a bell curve on the right, one could conclude that

the graph depicts a negative skew

Please calculate the mean following series of numbers:

75, 55, 60, 60, 70, 70, 70, 65, 285

90

Please calculate the median of the following series of numbers:

75, 55, 60, 60, 70, 70, 70, 65, 285

70

Calculate the mode of the following numbers:

55, 55, 55, 70, 70, 70, 70, 70, 70, 70, 70, 80, 80, 95, 95

70

Which option below lists an early school of thought promoted by William James (and influenced by Darwin), which explored how mental and behavioral processes function and how they enable the organism to adapt, survive, and flourish.

functionalism

Please consider the following series of numbers: 75, 260, 260, 265, 270, 272, 275, 280, 285

If representing them visually on a graph, it would depict:

negative skew

Which measure of central tendency is most influenced by outliers (data that is extremely different from other data in the set)?

mean

A researcher calculates statistical significance for her study and finds a 5 percent chance that results are due to chance. Which of the following is an accurate interpretation of this finding?

This is the minimum result typically considered statistically significant

Who coined the term tabula rasa (blank slate) to help explain the impact experience has on shaping an individual?

John Locke

Which of the following describes the placebo effect?

Participants in a drug study are given an inert pill instead of the drug and behave as though they were given the drug.

Which of the following represents naturalistic observation?

Researchers observe students' seating patterns in the cafeteria

Which of the following is a positive correlation?

People who exercise regularly are more likely to be overweight.

These psychologists focus on the potential of human growth rather than past experiences and repressed memories of a person's life

humanists

While taking a standardized test with randomly scrambled answers, you notice that your last four answers have been "c." Which of the following is true concerning the probability of the next answer being "c"?

It is unaffected by previous answers. It is as likely to be "c" as any other answer.

Which ethical principle requires that at the end of the study participants be told about the true purpose of the research?

Debriefing

Which of the following characteristics does not describe an experimental study

Cannot specify cause and effect

The psychologists most interested in how people encode, process, store, and retrieve information to successfully learn content would be considered:

Cognitive psychologist

numerical data that allow one to generalize—to infer from sample data the probability of something being true of a population.

Inferential statistics

This psychologist used introspection to search for the mind's structural elements

Titchener

What is a key difference between philosophy and psychology?

Philosophy is focused on fundamental nature of reality, existence, and knowledge ; psychology is the science of the mind and behavior. In psychology, all hypotheses are tested through the scientific process.

Empiricism is the belief that:

the idea that knowledge comes from experience, and that observation and experimentation enable scientific knowledge.

patients uncover their unconscious needs will bring them peace and help them improve their lives. Jayden, however, believes patients' lives improve when they examine their mental processes and identify flawed thinking that can be obstacles to solving issues with others.

Identify their approaches:

Tara's approach is psychodynamic psychology/psychoanalysis, while Jayden takes a cognitive approach

Sierra has been working with 6 year old Troy, who is struggling with his behavior in school. To assist Troy in improving his behavior, Sierra works with his school to create a system of rewards and consequences to motivate positive behavior. She creates a monthly chart that allows him to win a gift card for 20 days of positive behaviors, such as sitting in his seat and staying on-task. She also sets up a system of consequences when he displays a negative behavior more than twice.

Sierra's approach can be described as:

behaviorist

Historians of science describe which three attitudes as the basis of the scientific viewpoint?

curiosity, skepticism, humility

Graph B shows:

Negative skew

If a scatterplot shows no relationship between variables, it will be numerically represented by:

0

When Jason briefly turned to summon the waiter, his wife quickly switched her glass of red wine with his glass of white wine. Jason's failure to notice that his chosen wine had been replaced best illustrates

sensory interaction

Change blindness

Although Sue Yen sees her chemistry teacher several times a week, she didn't recognize the teacher when she saw her in the grocery store.

context effects

The convergence of parallel lines provides the distance cue known as

linear perspective

As we move, objects that are fixed in place, a light pole, for example, may appear to move. What is this monocular cue for depth called?

relative motion

When one object partially blocks or overlaps another object, giving the illusion that the blocked object is farther away.

Interposition

Because Isaac is 6' 8", people often mistakenly assume that he must be a member of his high school basketball team. This mistaken judgment best illustrates the impact of

the representative heuristic

Which measure of memory did Hermann Ebbinghaus use to assess the impact of rehearsal on retention?

Relearning

The increase in synaptic firing potential that contributes to memory formation is known as

long-term potentiation

In 1991, Alex got stranded after a concert and needed to call his friend Marissa to pick him up. After looking up his friend's phone number, Alex was able to remember it only long enough to dial it correctly at a phone booth. In this case, the telephone number was clearly stored in his ________ memory.

short-term

Encoding that occurs with no effort or a minimal level of conscious attention is known as

automatic processing.

Iconic memory is to echoic memory as ________ is to ________.

visual stimulation; auditory stimulation

Deep processing is most closely associated with the concept of

semantic encoding.

Unlike implicit memories, explicit memories are processed by the

Hippocampus.

Patients who have experienced brain damage may be unable to form new personal memories but are able to learn to do jigsaw puzzles, without awareness of having learned them. This suggests that

the system for creating explicit memory has been affected, not the implicit memory system

Exceptionally clear memories of emotionally significant events are called

flashbulb memories

When Bryan's girlfriend broke up with him, he felt very down. As he sat in his bedroom, he thought about all of the other times his heart had been broken. Bryan's experience provides an example of

mood-congruent memory.

Based on Herman Ebbinghaus' "forgetting curve" how will your memories for psychological concepts change?

I will forget most psychological concepts soon after learning them, but the information I recall after that immediate drop will be retained for years.

After learning the combination for his new locker at school, Milton is unable to remember the combination for his year-old bicycle lock. Milton is experiencing the effects of

retroactive interference.

The amygdala has a role in helping us remember

flashbulb memories

Because intelligence is defined according to the attributes that enable success in a culture, psychologists consider intelligence to be

socially constructed.

Those who score above average on tests of mathematical aptitude are also likely to score above average on tests of verbal aptitude. According to Spearman, this best illustrates the importance of

the g factor

When Andy becomes upset about getting a poor grade, he typically fails to realize that he feels scared, and often acts out. This lack of self-insight best illustrates an inadequate level of

emotional intelligence

The final exam in a calculus course would be an example of a(n) ________ test.

achievement

Older adults outperformed younger adults in their responses to New York Times crossword puzzles. The superior performance of these older adults best illustrates the value of

crystallized intelligence.

If a test yields consistent results every time it is used, it has a high degree of

reliability

Please use this description of a research study to answer the next question (s) In Dr. Verte's study, 20 participants in romantic relationships viewed 100 faces demonstrating different facial expressions. Dr. Verte asked the participants to identify whether the face was demonstrating happiness, sadness, anger, or fear. Dr. Verte added up the total number of correct facial expression identification, so participants could score between 0 (no facial expression identified correctly) and 100 (all facial expressions identified correctly). Dr. Verte also asked the participants to rate the heath of their relationships on a scale from 0 (not at all healthy) to 10 (extremely healthy).

11. What kind of graph is presented above?

scttaerplot

Which of the following statements provides the most accurate interpretation of the data in the graph?

There is a positive correlation correct facial expression identification and relationship health.

Older people's capacity to learn and remember meaningful material does not decline as much as their capacity to learn and remember meaningless material. This best illustrates the value of

crystallized intelligence.

Which of the following is an example of source amnesia?

Stephan misremembers a dream as something that really happened

Maya believes that cognitive development is a matter of gradual and almost imperceptible changes over time. Her viewpoint is most directly relevant to the issue of

continuity or stages.

Researchers who emphasize learning and experience tend to view development as

a continuous process, while those who emphasize maturation often view development as a sequence of stages.

Match the steps of responding to an AP Psychology free response question (FRQ) in order

1. space out your answers (leave a blank line between each of your term responses)

2. answer the prompt in the order in which the terms/bullet points appear

3. define the term/concept