Organic Chemistry Level 2 NCEA

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45 Terms

1

Alkane

a hydrocarbon containing only single covalent C-C bonds.

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2

Alkene

A hydrocarbon with a double bond. C=C.

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3

Cycloalkanes

Saturated hydrocarbons with carbon atoms joined in a ring

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4

Alkyne

a carbon compound with a carbon-carbon triple bond.

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5

Haloalkane

compounds with a halogen group such as Cl2 or Br2

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6

Functional group R-X. There are no chemical tests. Not miscible/soluble in water

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7

Primary Alcohol

an alcohol in which the OH group is attached to a carbon that is attached to no more than one other carbon. do not react with cHCL/ZNCL2, not even after 10 minutes of heat

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8

Secondary Alcohol

An alcohol in which the carbon connected to the OH group is also connected to 2 other carbon atoms. _____ alcohols go cloudy in cHCL/ZNCL2 after being heated gently for 10 minutes.

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9

Tertiary Alcohol

An alcohol in which the OH group is attached to a carbon that is in turn attached to three other carbons. _____ alcohols rapidly go cloudy with cHCL/ZNCL2.

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10

Substitution Reaction

A functional group in a particular chemical compound is replaced by another group.

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11

Elimination Reaction

A reaction where functional groups are removed from a reactant.

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12

Methyl Group

A chemical group consisting of a carbon bonded to three hydrogen atoms. The methyl group may be attached to a carbon or to a different atom.

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13

Structural Isomers

or Constitutional Isomers. Compounds which have the same formula but differ in the way their atoms are arranged and have different physical properties and names.

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14

Geometric Isomers

Compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the arrangements of their atoms in -cis or -trans. Exist for Alkanes.

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15

Markovnikov's Rule

for addition reactions; H goes on the Carbon that already has the most H's. The RICH GET RICHER

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16

Saytzeff Rule

the poor gets poorer

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17

Alkene

Properties: turns MNO4-/H+ from purple to colourless Mn2+. Also turns Orange Br2 colourless. Strongest intermolecular force of an ____ is Instantaneous - Induced. Not miscible/soluble in water

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18

Alkyne

Properties: Same chemical tests as alkenes. Strongest intermolecular force of an _____ is Instantaneous - Induced. Not miscible/soluble in water

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19

Carboxyloic acid

Properties: reacts with Carbonates to produce CO2 bubbles. Reacts with more reactive metals to produce Hydrogen. Strongest intermolecular force is H - bonding. Turns moist blue litmus red.

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20

Alcohol

Properties: primary and secondary alcohols turn purple MNO4-/H+ to colourless Mn2+, and also turns Cr2O7 2- to green Cr3+. Strongest intermolecular force is H - bonding.

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21

Carboxylate Salt

Properties:Turns moist red litmus paper blue. Strongest intermolecular force is Ionic.

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22

Alkyl Ammonium Salt

Properties:Turns moist red litmus paper blue. Strongest intermolecular force is Ionic

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23

Alcohol to Haloalkane

Substitution reaction using either cHCL/ZNCL2, PCL3, PCL5 or SOCL2.

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24

Haloalkane to Alcohol

Substitution reaction KOH (aq) or NAOH.

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25

Alcohol to Alkene

Elimination reaction using cH2SO4

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26

Haloalkane to Alkene

Elimination reaction using KOH (alc)

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27

Alkene to Haloalkane

Addition reaction with Hx

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28

Alkene to Diol-alkane

Oxidation reaction with MNO4- , in which 2 OH groups are now attached, double bond is removed

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29

Alkene to Dihaloalkane

Addition reaction using Br2 or Cl2

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30

Alkene to Alkane

Addition reaction using Pt/H2 or Ni/H2

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31

Alkane to Haloalkane

Substitution reaction using Br and UV light

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32

Haloalkane to Amine

Substitution reaction using cNH3 or NH3 (alc). Functional group R-NH2

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33

Amine to Alkyl Ammonium Salt

Acid/base reaction using Acid to get to Alkyl Ammonium salt. Functional group = R - NH3 - X+

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34

Alcohol to Carboxylate Acid

Oxidation reaction using MNO4-/H+ REFLUX or Cr2O7 2- /H+ REFLUX

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35

Carboxylate Acid to Carboxylate Salt

Formed when reacted with a base, carbonate or metal substance

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36

Polymerisation

A chemical reaction in which small molecules called monomers are joined together covalently to form a polymer. Using high temperatures, pressure and a catalyst. Ethene to poylethene and propene = polypropene

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37

Cracking

Longer chain alkanes are broken into shorter chain alkanes and alkenes

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38

Pentanoic Acid

CH3(CH2)3COOH

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39

2,3-dichlorobutane

CH3-CH-Cl-CH-Cl-CH3

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40

2-amino, 4-methylpentane

CH3-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH(NH2)-CH3

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41

Sodium Butanoate

CH3-CH2-CH2-C=O-ONa

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42

2,2-dimethylbutane

CH3-C(CH3)2-CH2-CH3

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43

Ethanol

CH3-CH2-OH

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44

2-methylbutan-2-ol

CH3-COH(CH3)-CH2-CH3

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45

3-methylbut-2-ene

CH3-C(CH3)=CH-CH3

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