National Unifications and Diplomatic Tensions

ap euro 7.3

What event marked the beginning of the end of 50 years of peace in Europe before World War One?

The Crimean War, which began in 1853.

What were the two major reasons that led to the outbreak of the Crimean War?

Religious tension in the Ottoman Empire and political motives to weaken the Ottoman Empire.

Who was the Prime Minister of the Piedmont region of Italy who played a crucial role in the unification of Italy?

Count Cavour.

What was the role of Giuseppe Garibaldi in Italian unification?

He was a military leader who unified the southern regions of Italy and supported the sovereignty of Victor Emmanuel II.

What was Otto von Bismarck's approach to politics known as?

Realpolitik.

Which three wars did Otto von Bismarck use to unify Germany?

The Prussian-Danish War, the Austro-Prussian War, and the Franco-Prussian War.

What was the Three Emperors' League?

An alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Russia.

What did the Reinsurance Treaty guarantee?

Germany and Russia would remain neutral if either was involved in a war, except in conflicts against Austria or France.

What was the main purpose of Bismarck's alliances after the Franco-Prussian War?

To isolate France and strengthen Germany against potential retaliation.

What major conflict resulted from the nationalist movements in the Balkans?

The First and Second Balkan Wars.

How did the Congress of Berlin in 1878 affect nationalist desires in the Balkans?

It ignored the nationalist desires for self-rule and increased tensions instead of resolving them.

What was the consequence of the growing unrest and nationalistic movements in the Balkans by the early 20th century?

It contributed to the tensions leading up to World War One.

What led to the breaking apart of the Concert of Europe?

The rise of nationalism and the competition among major powers for influence and territory.

When did the Prussian-Danish War take place?

When did the Austro-Prussian War occur?

When was the Franco-Prussian War fought?

1870-1871.

What were the German revolutions of 1848?

A series of unsuccessful uprisings that aimed to unify Germany and promote democratic reforms.

What was a consequence of the failed German revolutions?

They led to increased repression and delayed German unification.