chemistry unit 2 reactions

alkene to halogenoalkane

electrophilic addition

conditions for electrophilic addition

Halogen e.g HBr

name of reaction from halogenoalkane to alkene

elimination

conditions for the reaction of halogenoalkane to alkene

warm ethanoic acid, OH-, and reflux

alkene to polymer

addition polymerisation

conditions for addition polymerisation

heat and catalyst

alkene to alcohol

hydration

conditions for hydration

steam and phosphoric acid catalyst

alcohol to alkene

dehydration

conditions for dehydration

heat and concentrated phosphoric acid

glucose to alcohol

fermentation

conditions for fermentation

yeast and anaerobic conditions

oxidation of primary alcohol

aldehyde

further oxidation of aldehyde

carboxylic acid

conditions for oxidation of primary alcohol

acidified potassium dichromate, distil immediately

conditions for oxidation of aldehyde

excess acidified potassium dichromate and reflux

oxidation of secondary alcohol

ketone

conditions for oxidation of secondary alcohol

acidified potassium dichromate and reflux

oxidation of tertiary alcohol

no further oxidation

colour change of acidified potassium dichromate

orange to green (when oxidised)

halogenoalkane to alcohol

nucleophilic substitution

conditions for nucleophilic substitution

warm aqueous NaOH and reflux

carboxylic acid to ester

esterification

conditions for esterification

alcohol and strong acid catalyst eg H2SO4

conditions for ester to carboxylic acid

reflux and dilute acid eg H2SO4

ester to primary alcohol

base hydrolysis

conditions for base hydrolysis

relux and dilute acid

crude oil to alkane

fractional distillation

conditions for fractional distillation

vaporisation 350’c

alkane to halogenoalkane

free radical substitution

conditions for free radical substitution

UV light and halogen