Principles of Biology: Molecules and cells module 1

-compare and contrast the 3 domains of life, identify basic characteristics of life, describe levels of biological organization, define 5 unifying concepts of biology

Evolutionary tree

traces the ancestors of life on Earth to a common ancestor

Unity

indicates all cells descend from and ancestral cell

Prokaryotes description (bacteria and arcahaea)

• no organelles

• single cells

• small size

• dna

• ribosomes

Eukaryotes description (Eucarya)

• membrane-bound organelles

• single cell or multicellular

• larger and more complex size

• dna in the nucleus

Bacteria characteristics

• found everywhere

• live in symbiosis with multicellular organisms

Archaea characteristics

live in extreme environments (high heat, high salt)

Eukaryotes

• protists, fungi, plants, animals

• undergo cell division (mitosis and meiosis) differently than prokaryotes (binary fusion0

Compare and Contrast Bacteria Archaea and Eukaryotes

cell

basic unit of all organisms

atom

smallest unit of an element composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons

molecule

union of 2 or more atoms of the same or different element

cell

structural and functional unit of all living organisms

tissue

a group of cells with a common structure and function

organ

composed of tissue functioning together for a specific task

organ system

composed of several different organs working together

organisim

an individual ; complex organisms have organ systems

population

organisms of the same species in a given area

species

all populations of a specific type of organism

community

interacting populations in a particular area

ecosystem

a community plus the physical environment

biosphere

regions earth’s crust, waters, and atmosphere inhabited by living organisms

biology

study of life

5 fundamental properties of life

• cellular organization

• energy utilization

• homeostasis

• growth development and reproduction

• heredity

cellular organization

• all living things are composed of one or more cells

• cells cary our basic activities of living

• some cells are more complex than others

energy utilization

• all living things use energy

• moving, growing, thinking require energy

• energy can be captured through photosynthesis (plants/algae) of consumption

homeostasis

• all living things maintain homeostasis

• constant internal conditions

• organisms keep their internal conditions consistent even when environment varies

growth, development, and reproduction

• bacteria increase in size and split into two

• multicellular organisms grow by increasing the number of cells and develop by producing different kinds of cells

heredity

• all organisms posses a genetic system based on the replication and duplication if DNA

• DNA transmits the characteristics of an organism from parent to offspring

what are the 4 macromolecules all cells contain

• lipids (fats/hormones0

• amino acids (building blocks for proteins)

• nucleic acid (DNA,RNA,energy)

• carbohydrates (sugars)

natural selection

aspects of the environment selects which traits are more apt to be passed on to the next generation and the selective agent can be abiotic or biotic

what are the steps of the scientific method

• observation

• hypothesis

• predictions and experiments

• present and analyzing data