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Attachment
Emotional bond between infant & caregiver, shaping relationships, self-esteem, and emotional regulation.
Impact of Secure Attachment
Leads to confidence & emotional health.
Impact of Insecure Attachment
May cause trust & emotional struggles.
Harlow's Monkey Studies
Experiment where baby monkeys chose between a wire mother (food) and a cloth mother (comfort).
Findings of Harlow's Monkey Studies
Monkeys preferred the cloth mother, proving comfort is more important than nourishment for attachment.
Implications of Harlow's Studies
Emotional security is critical for healthy development (e.g., skin-to-skin contact in hospitals).
Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation
A method to observe attachment styles in infants.
Secure Attachment
Distressed when caregiver leaves; comforted upon return. Leads to healthy self-esteem & strong relationships.
Avoidant Attachment
Little distress when caregiver leaves; avoids comfort. May struggle with intimacy & emotional dependence later in life.
Anxious/Ambivalent Attachment
Extreme distress when caregiver leaves; difficult to soothe. May develop fear of abandonment & need constant reassurance.
Authoritarian Parenting Style
Strict, high control, low warmth. Leads to anxiety, low self-esteem, and fear of authority.
Permissive Parenting Style
Warm but lacks discipline. May cause impulsiveness, poor self-discipline, and irresponsibility.
Neglectful/Uninvolved Parenting Style
Emotionally distant, little guidance. Can lead to low self-esteem, emotional detachment, and risky behaviors.
Authoritative Parenting Style
High expectations + warmth & communication. Encourages independence, problem-solving, and confidence.
