EARLY HISTORY OF CHEMISTRY

Prehistoric men

used to do crude metallurgy and to make pottery and bricks

Metallurgy

branch of science and technology concerned with the properties of metals and their production and purification

400 B.C

The beginning of chemistry as a science could probably be set at —— when the theory was proposed that everything is composed of four elements

earth air fire water

four elements

Combustion

first chemistry reaction

artisole

summerized earlier theories and proposed that there were also four fundemental properties

hot cold wet dry

four fundemental properties

chemistry

was termed as an egyptian art

Christian era, Egypt

Period where there was a combination of ancient arts of its people and the philosophical speculations of the greeks to form the beginning of a body of chemical knowledge.

Alchemy

“Mythical Chemistry”

• It emerged as a science concerned with the transmutation (changing) of one elements into another

• For the most part, it’s proponents hoped to change base metals such as irons and copper into gold

140 B.C

Period where alchemy had it’s beginnings in china and reached europe through spain

The bronze age period

3500-1100 BC

The bronze age

• copper and tin isolated by heating ores (rocks)

• combined to wake alloy bronze (alloy of copper and tin)

The Iron Age period

1200-550 BC

The Iron age

• iron had high melting point and steel was stronger then bronze

Iron

higher melting point then Cu or Sn

Steel

• alloy of iron and carbon

• stronger than bronze

Egypt 300 A.D

The first books of chemistry were written in ——

460 - 370 BC

Era of democritus

Atomism

matter is composed of indivisble units called atoms or atomos

atomos

another term for atoms

Democritus

thought of atomism but was unable to prove his theory scientifically

Goals of Alchemy

• turn less valuable metals into gold and silver

• wanted to find elixir of life

Elixir of life

eternal youth

Examples of elixir of life

ancient examples: potions, atomos

modern examples: anti aging creams

Primitive form of chemistry

• no scientific method

• combines philosophy, mysticism and chemistry 

The beginning of chemistry

1700’s

Period of Antoine Lavoisier

1743-1794

Antoine Lavoisier achievements

• law of conservation of mass

• recognized and named oxygen and combustion (burns with O²)

• respiration of animals (similar to combustion)

Organic Chemistry

making the molecules of life

Friedrich Wohler

1828

• makes Urea

• shows that an organic molecule can be made outside an organism

Charles Frederic Gerhardt

1853

• makes aspirin

Organic Dyes

1800’s

• maurve magenta

• organic chemistry

Nuclear Chemistry

1940’s

• fission and fussion

fission

nuclei are split apart

fusion

nuclei are fused together

Biotech Industry

Chemistry improving health

• make medicine

• study genetics; human disease

Chemists of Organic Chemistry

Friedrich Wohler, Charles Frederic Gerhardt

Chemists of Atomic Theory

John Dalton and Joseph John