Science Human Body Chapter 1 and 2 Vocab

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Cell

basic unit of structure and function in a living thing

cell membrane

covers and protects cells

nucleus

contains dna/genetic material

cytoplasm

gel like fluid that fills in space

tissue

a group of similar cells that preform the same function

muscle tissue

contracts and relaxes to move body

* skeletal muscle (bicep, tricep, quad)
* smooth muscle (stomach, intestine)
* cardiac (heart)

nervous tissue

sends signals/info to the body through neutrons (ex: spine, cerebrum)

connective tissue

supports and connects parts of your body (ex: blood, bone, ligaments, tendons, fat)

epithelial tissue

covers and protects body/organs (ex: skin, organ lining)

organ

a structure made up of different kinds of tissue

Organ system

group of organs working together to carry out major functions

skeleton

all the bones in your body

skeletal muscles

attached to the bones of ur skeleton and provides the force that moves your bones

joint

a place in the body where two bones come together

glands

they made up the endocrine system, release chemical signals directly into the bloodstream

Homeostasis

condition in which an organism’s internal conditions are kept stable despite changes to the outside environment (ex: ph balance, body temperature, water/sugar in blood)

Cell theory

1. all living organisms are composed of cells, they may be unicellular or multicellular.
2. the cell is the basic unit of life
3. all cells come from preexisting cells

Mitochondria

powerhouse of the cell

lysosomes

remove waste

ribosomes

synthesize proteins

vacuole

storage for cell

Eukaryote

have membrane bound nucleus

Prokaryote

no nucleus

ligaments

connective tissue that connects bone to bone

compact bone

hard and dense, with blood vessels throughout it

spongy bone

lightweight, full of spaces for marrow

Marrow

a type of soft connective tissue

cartilage

strong connective tissue that is more flexible than bone

osteoporosis

a condition in which bones become weak and break easily

involuntary muscles

muscles not under your conscious control

voluntary muscles

muscles under your conscious control

tendon

attaches a muscles to the bone

epidermis

a layer in the skin, dead skin cells rise to the top new skin cells formed at the bottom of the epi.

melanin

protects skin from UV radiation, gives skin color

dermis

“living layer of skin”, contains sweat glands, blood-vessels, nerve endings

pore

openings that allow sweat to reach the surface

cancer

a disease when some cells divide uncontrollably

outer membrane

covers and protects bone

red bone marrow

soft tissue in marrow produces blood cells

yellow bone marrow

stores fat

Functions of Skeleton

1. structure and support
2. protection
3. movement
4. storage of minerals, yellow marrow stores fat
5. red marrow produces blood cells

how skeletons change as you get older ?

1. some fues tgt or lost (300 when born to 206 as an adult)
2. Some red marrow replaced by yellow marrow
3. growth plates disappear
4. cartilage in joints can wear away causing arthritis
5. bones lose mineral density, become brittle a break aka osteoporosis

subcutaneous fat

cushions, protects and controls temp, bottom layer on skin

keratin

strugy protective protein

collagen

gives skin elasticity