Science Human Body Chapter 1 and 2 Vocab

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45 Terms

1

Cell

basic unit of structure and function in a living thing

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2

cell membrane

covers and protects cells

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3

nucleus

contains dna/genetic material

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4

cytoplasm

gel like fluid that fills in space

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5

tissue

a group of similar cells that preform the same function

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6

muscle tissue

contracts and relaxes to move body

  • skeletal muscle (bicep, tricep, quad)

  • smooth muscle (stomach, intestine)

  • cardiac (heart)

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7

nervous tissue

sends signals/info to the body through neutrons (ex: spine, cerebrum)

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8

connective tissue

supports and connects parts of your body (ex: blood, bone, ligaments, tendons, fat)

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9

epithelial tissue

covers and protects body/organs (ex: skin, organ lining)

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10

organ

a structure made up of different kinds of tissue

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11

Organ system

group of organs working together to carry out major functions

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12

skeleton

all the bones in your body

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13

skeletal muscles

attached to the bones of ur skeleton and provides the force that moves your bones

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14

joint

a place in the body where two bones come together

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15

glands

they made up the endocrine system, release chemical signals directly into the bloodstream

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16

Homeostasis

condition in which an organismā€™s internal conditions are kept stable despite changes to the outside environment (ex: ph balance, body temperature, water/sugar in blood)

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17

Cell theory

  1. all living organisms are composed of cells, they may be unicellular or multicellular.

  2. the cell is the basic unit of life

  3. all cells come from preexisting cells

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18

Mitochondria

powerhouse of the cell

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19

lysosomes

remove waste

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20

ribosomes

synthesize proteins

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21

vacuole

storage for cell

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22

Eukaryote

have membrane bound nucleus

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23

Prokaryote

no nucleus

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24

ligaments

connective tissue that connects bone to bone

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25

compact bone

hard and dense, with blood vessels throughout it

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26

spongy bone

lightweight, full of spaces for marrow

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27

Marrow

a type of soft connective tissue

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28

cartilage

strong connective tissue that is more flexible than bone

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29

osteoporosis

a condition in which bones become weak and break easily

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30

involuntary muscles

muscles not under your conscious control

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31

voluntary muscles

muscles under your conscious control

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32

tendon

attaches a muscles to the bone

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33

epidermis

a layer in the skin, dead skin cells rise to the top new skin cells formed at the bottom of the epi.

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34

melanin

protects skin from UV radiation, gives skin color

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35

dermis

ā€œliving layer of skinā€, contains sweat glands, blood-vessels, nerve endings

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36

pore

openings that allow sweat to reach the surface

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37

cancer

a disease when some cells divide uncontrollably

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38

outer membrane

covers and protects bone

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39

red bone marrow

soft tissue in marrow produces blood cells

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40

yellow bone marrow

stores fat

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41

Functions of Skeleton

  1. structure and support

  2. protection

  3. movement

  4. storage of minerals, yellow marrow stores fat

  5. red marrow produces blood cells

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42

how skeletons change as you get older ?

  1. some fues tgt or lost (300 when born to 206 as an adult)

  2. Some red marrow replaced by yellow marrow

  3. growth plates disappear

  4. cartilage in joints can wear away causing arthritis

  5. bones lose mineral density, become brittle a break aka osteoporosis

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43

subcutaneous fat

cushions, protects and controls temp, bottom layer on skin

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keratin

strugy protective protein

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45

collagen

gives skin elasticity

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