Chemiosmosis in Chloroplasts

What is the role of chemiosmosis in chloroplasts?

uses the H+ gradient to generate ATP.

How are H+ ions accumulated inside the thylakoids during chemiosmosis?

H+ ions accumulate inside the thylakoid lumen when water is split by PSII and are also carried into the lumen from the stroma by cytochrome proteins between PSII and PSI.

What kind of gradient is created during chemiosmosis in chloroplasts?

A pH and electrical gradient is created, with an approximate pH of 5 in the thylakoid lumen.

How does ATP synthase generate ATP during chemiosmosis?

generates ATP by phosphorylating ADP with Pi, using 3 H+ ions to make 1 ATP.

How is NADPH produced in the chloroplasts?

At the end of the electron transport chain following PSI, the two excited electrons are used to produce NADPH.

What is the role of the Calvin Cycle in photosynthesis?

uses NADPH, CO2, and ATP to produce 2 G3P molecules, which are used to synthesize glucose.