AUBF CASTS

These are the only elements in urinary sediment unique to kidney

Casts

Examination of the sediment for the detection of cast is performed using ____

LPO / Low power magnification

If glass coverslip is used during microscopic exam of casts, where should you examine?

Edges of the coverslip

Casts are reported as _____

Average number per LPFs

Most frequently seen cast in the urine is?

Hyaline casts

What is the appearance of hyaline cast in unstained sediments?

Colorless

What color does hyaline cast produce if stained with sternheimer-malbin stain?

Pink

RBC casts are easily detected under the microscope because of their appearance, what color does it produce?

Orange-red

Presence of RBC casts in the urine indicates ___

Bleeding within the nephrons

Most frequently seen WBC cast is the ____

Neutrophils

What are the sources of error of hyaline casts?

Mucus

Fibers

Hair

Increased lighting

Bacterial cell cast resembles ____

Granular casts

What are the tools useful for identifying RTE Cell casts?

Phase contrast microscopy

Staining

These are the crystals that are normally seen in acidic urine (4)

Amorphous urates

Sodium urates and Acid urates

Uric acid

Calcium oxalate

Yellow-brown (rosettes, wedges)

Uric acid crystals

Brick dust or yellow brown color

Amorphous urates

Colorless (envelopes, oval, dumbbell)

Calcium oxalate

White-colorless

Amorphous urates

Colorless and seen in alkaline urine

Calcium phosphate

Coffin-lid appearance

Triple phosphate

Thorny apples

Ammonium biurate

Colorless and shaped like a dumbbell (alkaline urine)

Calcium carbonate

What are the abnormal crystals?

Cystine

Cholesterol

Radiographic dye / Contrast media

True or False

Abnormal crystals are always seen in diluted urine

False, it is always seen in acidic urine

What are the crystals seen in the urine in patients with liver disorders?

Sulfonamide

Ampicillin

Tyrosine

Leucine

Bilirubin crystals

Hexagonal plates

Cystine

Notched plates

Cholesterol

Concentric circles

Leucine

Needle appearance

Tyrosine

Yellow-colored

Bilirubin

Flat plates

Radiographic dyes

Colorless and needle-appearance

Ampicillin

This has very high refractile spheres and has a dimpled center

Starch granules

Highly refractile and may resemble RBCs to inexperienced lab personnel

Oil droplets and Air bubble

Seasonal contaminants

Pollen grain

These are mistaken for casts and much longer and more refractile

Fibers and Hair

These are present due to improperly collected samples

Fecal artifacts