APES Chapter 9 (Unit 2)

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Aquifiers

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26 Terms

1

Aquifiers

groundwater found within permeable layers of rock and sediment.

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2

unconfined aquifer

an aquifer made of porous rock covered by soil out of which water can easily flow

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3

confined aquifer

an aquifer surrounded by a layer of impermeable rock or clay that impedes water flow

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4

water table

the upper level at which the water in a given area fully saturates the rock or soil

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5

groundwater recharge

Water from precipitation comes up through the soil and into the aquifer. If confined, it cannot recharge.

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6

springs

Water from some aquifers naturally comes up to the ground surface, as natural source of freshwater.

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7

artesian well

A well in which water rises because of pressure within the aquifer; created by drilling

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8

cone of depression

an area lacking groundwater due to rapid withdrawal by a well

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9

saltwater intrusion

Movement of salt water into freshwater aquifers in coastal and inland areas as groundwater is withdrawn faster than it is recharged by precipitation.

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10

floodplain

The excess water spreads onto the land adjacent to the river

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11

Oliogotrophic

lakes w/ low productivity due to low amounts of nutrients (phosphorus and nitrogen) in the water.

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12

Mesotrophic

Lakes with moderate levels of productivity (moderate nutrition)

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13

Eutrophic

Describes a lake with a high level of productivity (high nutrition)

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14

levee

an enlarged bank built up on each side of a river to prevent flooding of a river

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15

dikes

preventing ocean waters from flooding adjacent land

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16

dams

a barrier that runs across a river or stream to control the flow of water

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17

resevoir

water stored behind the dam in a large body of water

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18

fish ladder

a stair-like structure that allows migrating fish to get around a dam

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19

Aqueduct

canals or ditches used to carry water from one location to another

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20

Desalination or desalinization

the removal of salt from seawater or other water

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21

gray water

the relatively clean waste water from baths, sinks, washing machines, and other kitchen appliances.

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22

furrow irrigation

involves digging trenches and filling them with water

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23

flood irrigation

the entire field is flooded with water

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24

spray irrigation

an apparatus that sprays water across a field

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25

drip irrigation

the practice of using small pipes that slowly drip water just above ground to conserve water to use for crops (most efficient)

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26

hydrophonic agriculture

the cultivation of crop plants under greenhouse conditions with their roots immersed in a nutrient-rich solution, but no soil.

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