Applied Physio lecture 30 and 31 (exam 3)

A set of 30 vocabulary flashcards based on lecture notes about capillaries, veins, and blood pressure regulation.

Microvascular Network

The network of small blood vessels that includes arterioles, capillaries, and venules, facilitating exchange.

Venoconstriction

The constriction of veins which helps to increase venous return to the heart.

Skeletal Pump

The mechanism by which contraction of skeletal muscles helps propel blood through the veins toward the heart.

Thoracic Pump

The pressure changes in the thorax during breathing that assist in returning blood to the heart.

Total Peripheral Resistance (TPR)

The overall resistance to blood flow within the circulatory system, primarily affecting blood pressure.

Arterial Compliance

The ability of arteries to expand and contract with blood pressure, influencing blood flow and pressure.

Long-term Blood Pressure Regulation

received input from intestines and kidneys and discards fluid and waste through skin, lungs and intestines and kidney

Net Filtration Pressure (NFP)

The difference between hydrostatic pressure and osmotic pressure that determines fluid movement in capillaries.

Vasodilation

dilatation of arteries which decreases resistance and increases blood flow to tissues.

Vasoconstriction

The narrowing of blood vessels, which increases resistance and decreases blood flow. reduction of arteries

strenuous exercise on CO

increases heart rate, cardiac contractility, causes vasoconstriction and vasodilation to optimize cardiac output during physical activity. ½ of circulating energy is from skeletal muscles

short term arterial pressure regulation (neurogenic control)

fast acting.Mediated by baroreceptors- aortic arch or carotid sinus stretch sensors. send signal to brain to adjust heart rate and vessel tone, maintaining blood pressure homeostasis.

Hormonal cardiac regulation

Intermediate, takes minutes to hours. RAA, ADH and ANP. Hormones adjust sodium concentrations to maintain water, all act on kidneys

RAA (Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone)

secrets enzyme renin by kidneys- decreases arteriolar pressure, decreases Na2+ concentration, renal sympathetic nerve system. renin cleaves angiotensinogen in blood

forms angiotensin 1 and 2- raises blood pressure, Na2+ reabsorbed to blood, increase blood volume

increases thirst and releases ADH

ADH

synthesized by hypothalamus, constricts blood vessels and reduces urine output. promotes reabsorption of water by the kidneys

ANP

expressed in response to atria stretch, stimulates salt and water excretion in kidneys to rid the body of the excess fluid and reduce pressure