Hematology Solo 3 Red Blood Cell Morphology & Erythropoiesis & Summary of Abnormal Red Cell Morphologies

Agglutination

Acn

Rouleaux

Acanthocyte

Codocyte (Target Cell)

Dacrocyte (Teardrop Cell)

Degmacyte (Bite Cell)

Drepanocyte (Sickle Cell)

Echinocyte (Burr Cell)

Keratocyte (Horn Cell)

Knizocyte (Pinch Cell)

Ovalocytes and Elliptocytes

Pyknocyte (Blister Cell)

Schistocyte (Schizocyte)

Spherocyte

Stomatocyte

Macrocyte

Microcyte

Dimorphic

Hypochromic

Polychromatophilic

Basophilic Stippling (Punctuate Basophilia)

Cabot Ring

Heinz bodies

Hemoglobin C Crystals

Hemoglobin H Inclusions

Hemoglobin SC Crystals

Howell-Jolly Body

Malaria

Pappenheimer Body

Dyserythropoiesis

Erythrocyte Series

Pronormoblast (Rubriblast)

Basophilic Normoblast (Prorubricyte)

Polychromatophilic Normoblast (Rubricyte)

Orthochromic Normoblast (Metarubricyte)

Polychromatophilic Erythrocyte (Reticulocyte)

Mature Red Blood Cell (Mature Erythrocyte)

Megaloblastic Series

Promegaloblast (Megaloblastic Rubriblast)

Basophilic Megaloblast (Megaloblastic Prorubricyte)

Polychromatophilic Megaloblast (Megaloblastic Rubricyte)

Orthochromic Megaloblast (Megaloblastic Metarubricyte)

Polychromatophilic Megalocyte (Megaloblastic Reticulocyte)

Megalocyte (Oval Macrocyte)

Iron-deficienct Series

Iron-deficienct Pronormoblast (Iron-deficient Rubriblast)

Iron-deficient Basophilic Normoblast (Iron-deficienct Prorubricyte)

Iron-deficient Polychromatophilic Normoblast (Iron-deficienct Rubricyte)

Iron-deficient Orthochromic Normoblast (Iron-deficient Metarubricyte)

Iron-deficient Polychromatophilic Erythrocyte (Reticulocyte)

Iron-deficient Erythrocyte (Hypochromic/Microcytic)

Agglutination

Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections

Cold antibody syndromes

• Cold agglutinin disease

• Paroxysmal Cold Hemoglobinuria (PCH)

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia

Malignancy

Rouleaux

Multiple myeloma

Chronic inflammatory disorders

Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia

Some lymphomas

Anisocytosis

Severe anemias

Iron deficiency anemia

Red blood cell transfusions

Processes involving a reticulocyte response

• Hemolytic anemia

• Acute blood loss

• Erythropoietin therapy

Macrocytes

Megaloblastic anemias

Liver disease

Alcoholism

Hypothyroidism

Processes involving a reticulocyte response

• Hemolytic anemia

• Acute blood loss

• Erythropoietin therapy

• Neonatal blood

Post splenectomy

Chemotherapy

Medications

Microcytes

Iron-deficiency anemia

Thalassemias

Hemoglobinopathies

Lead poisoning

Anemia of chronic disease

Sideroblastic anemia

Hypochromia

Iron deficiency anemia

Thalassemia

Lead poisoning

Acanthocytes

Congenital abetalipoproteinemia

Severe liver disease

Alcohol intoxication

Hepartin administration

Vitamin E deficiency

Postsplenectomy

Myeloproliferative disorders

Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia

Neuroacanthocytosis syndromes

Burr Cells

Renal disease

Liver disease

Severe burns

Uremia

Gastric ulcers

Stomach cancer

Heparin administration

Artifact

Elliptocytes

Hereditary elliptocytosis

Iron-deficiency anemia

Pernicious anemia

Sickle cell trait

Thalassemia

Malignancy

Schistocytes

Hemostasis (Coagulation) and hemolytic conditions

• Disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC)

• Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)

• Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)

• Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA)

• March hemoglobinuria

• Intravascular hemolysis

Renal transplant rejection

Severe burns

Prosthetic implants

Helmet Cells/Bite Cells

Disseminating intravascular coagulation (DIC)

Conditions with RBC inclusions, which have been removed

• G6PD deficiency

• Oxidant drugs

• Hemoglobinopathies

Blister Cells/Keratocytes

Pulmonary emboli in sickle cell anemia

Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA)

Disseminating Intravascular coagulation (DIC)

Hemolytic anemia

Oxidant injury

G6PD deficiency

Iron deficiency anemia

Ovalocytes

Megaloblastic anemia (oval macrocytes only)

Nonspecific anemias

Sickle Cells

Sickle cell anemia

Rarely, any other condition with an inherited hemoglobin S

Spherocytes

Hereditary spherocytosis

ABO HDN

Hemolytic anemias (extravascular hemolysis)

Blood transfusions

Disseminating intravascular coagulation (DIC)

Hemoglobinopathies

Burns

Hypersplenism

Post-splenectomy

Stomatocytes

Hereditary stomatocytosis

Rh null phenotype

Acute alcoholism/cirrhosis

Glutathione deficiency

Infectious mononucleosis

Lead poisoning

Malignancies

Thalassemia minor

Target Cells

Liver disease

Hemoglobinopathies

Thalassemias

Hemolytic anemia

Sideroblastic anemia

Iron deficiency anemia

Splenectomy

Teardrop Cells

Primary myelofibrosis

Conditions in which inclusion bodies are found

Myeloproliferative disorders

Severe anemias

• Megaloblastic anemia and pernicious anemia

• Thalassemia major

• Iron deficiency anemia

Artifact

Howell-Jolly Bodies (DNA remnants)

Splenectomy

Functional hyposplenia

Most anemias

• Hemolytic anemia

• Sickle cell anemia

• Megaloblastic anemia

• Thalassemia

Basophilic Stippling (Ribosomes and mitochondrial remnants)

Altered heme synthesis

• Lead poisoning

• Alcoholism

• Arsenic intoxication

Defective hemoglobin synthesis

• Megaloblastic anemia

• Thalassemia

Pappenheimer Bodies (Iron granules)

Sideroblastic anemia

Hemochromatosis or hemosiderosis

Hemoglobinopathies

Splenectomy

Heinz bodies (Denatured hemoglobin)

G6PD deficiency

Oxidant drugs

Thalassemia

Any unstable Hgb syndromes

Cabot Rings (Nuclear membrane remnants)

Megaloblastic anemia

Dyserythropoiesis

Lead poisoning

Thalassemia

Splenectomy