Krause - Biochemical Data

What is the normal range for fasting glucose? (mg/dL)

70-99mg/dL

If fasting glucose is > ___ mg/dL, likely the patient has diabetes.

125 mg/dL

If fasting glucose is > ___ mg/dL, there is likely some insulin resistance.

100 mg/dL

What mineral will you likely be low in if you are low in vitamin D?

Ca

What hormone may not be operating properly if the patient has hypercalcemia?

PTH

When do you have to correct Ca?

If albumin is low

Why do you have to correct for Ca when albumin is low?

a lot of Ca binds to albumin, so if albumin is low, calcium will be falsely lower

If Na+ is high, K+ will likely be ___.

low

What are the 3 main things K+ lab values are used to monitor?

1) kidney function

2) adrenal gland function

3) blood pH

What are 3 body factors assessed with a Cl- lab value?

1) Water balance

2) osmolality

3) acid-base balance

What 2 body functions does HCO3- assess for?

1) acid-base balance

2) electrolyte balance

What 2 body functions (organs) does BUN test for?

1) kidney excretion ability

2) liver metabolic ability

If you are overhydrated, what will your Na+, Cl-, and BUN levels look like?

low Na+ and Cl-; elevated BUN

BUN levels will be ___ in negative N-balance, liver failure, and pregnancy.

lower

Does creatinine increase or decrease with renal dysfunction?

increases

What function does creatinine monitor?

kidney excretory ability

True or False: Albumin and total protein are biomarkers of protein status.

false

What are the 2 main things albumin is a biomarker for?

1) inflammatory stress

2) mortality

Albumin (1) with dehydration but (2) with acute inflammation.

1) increases

2) decreases

What 2 blood proteins does a total protein blood test account for?

1) albumin

2) globulin

What are 4 biomarkers for liver function in blood tests?

1) ALP

2) AST

3) ALT

4) Bilirubin

If Ca is low, phosphorus is likely ___.

high

If you take too many antacids, Ca is likely (1), while phosphorus is likely (2).

1) high

2) low

MCV (mean corpuscular volume) measures what?

the average size of RBCs

MCV (mean corpuscular volume) will (1) with microcytic (iron deficiency) anemia and (2) with macrocytic (B12 or folate deficiency) anemia.

1) decrease

2) increase

MCH (mean corpuscular hemoglobin) measures the average amount of (1) in (2).

1) hemoglobin

2) one RBC

What genetic disorders makes it so your body can’t produce sufficient hemoglobin?

thalassemia