Psychology Exam

The field of social psychology studies topics at the intrapersonal level. These topics include ________. 

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a. emotions and attitudes, the self, and social cognition 

b. ethnographies, case studies, archives, and statistics 

c. prejudice and discrimination, helping behavior, aggression, and group processes 

d. society and social interaction, families, ecology, and religion 

emotions and attitudes, the self, and social cognition

Behavior is a product of both the situation and the person. Which of the following is an example of a situation that might influence behavior? 

a. being in a crowd of bystanders when you witness someone fainting 

b. being raised Jewish 

c. being raised to think that stealing is morally wrong 

d. hitting someone in the dark 

being in a crowd of bystanders when you witness someone fainting 

Anna thinks that Bill is rude to her because she had to seat him in a noisy, crowded area of the restaurant. Anna takes a ________ view of Bill. 

a. influist 

b. conditionist 

c. sexist 

d. situationist 

situationist 

________ holds that our behavior is determined by internal factors. 

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a. Collectivism 

b. Dispositionism 

c. Moralism 

d. Situationism 

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 Dispositionism 

What is modification of the opinions of members of a group to align with what they believe is the group consensus? 

a. group patterns 

b. groupthink 

c. inter-group bias 

d. pattern bias 

groupthink

 Who conducted the Stanford prison experiment? 

a. Asch 

b. Milgram 

c. Rosenthal 

d. Zimbardo 

Zimbardo

 What is a social role? 

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a. group’s expectations regarding what is appropriate and acceptable for the thoughts and behavior of its members 

b. group’s knowledge about the sequence of events in a specific setting 

c. person’s knowledge about the sequence of events in a specific setting 

d. socially defined pattern of behavior that is expected of a person in a given setting or group 

socially defined pattern of behavior that is expected of a person in a given setting or group 

 The ________ hypothesis is the ideology common in the United States that people get the outcomes they deserve. 

a. dogma 

b. just-deserts 

c. just-world 

d. karma 

c. just-world 

 Which type of persuasion involves encouraging a person to agree to a small favor or to buy a small item, only to later request a larger favor or purchase of a larger item? 

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a. central cognitive 

b. foot-in-the-door 

c. head-in-the-sand 

d. peripheral route 

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b. foot-in-the-door 

Who was Stanley Milgram? 

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a. social psychology professor at Yale who designed a mock prison to test the power of social roles 

b. social psychology professor at Yale who designed an experiment to test what would happen to the lone dissenter in a group 

c. social psychology professor at Yale who tested the hypothesis that brainstorming was less productive than the individual creative process 

d. social psychology professor at Yale who wanted to test the defense of “I was just following orders” typically used by accused Nazis 

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social psychology professor at Yale who wanted to test the defense of “I was just following orders” typically used by accused Nazis 

 ________ is the strengthening of an original group attitude after the discussion of views within a group. 

a. cognitive dissonance 

b. group polarization 

c. the Asch effect 

d. the Milgram influence 

b. group polarization 

Which statement about groupthink is correct? 

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a. Group members modify their opinion to go against what they believe is the group consensus. 

b. Group members modify their opinions to match what they believe is the group consensus. 

c. Group members will never agree if there is a minority influence present. 

d. Group members will use brainstorming to discover the solution that most group members agree on. 

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Group members modify their opinions to match what they believe is the group consensus. 

 Which of the following makes it more likely that a child will be bullied? 

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a. Children who are different from others are more likely to be bullied. 

b. Children who are not easily provoked are more likely to be bullied. 

c. Children who blend in to a crowd are more likely to be bullied. 

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d. Children who tell adults about bad behavior are more likely to be bullied. 

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Children who are different from others are more likely to be bullied. 

Which of the following strategies would effectively prevent groupthink from occurring? 

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a. avoiding the development of any contingency plans 

b. having the group leader make his position known before discussion begins 

c. seeking outside opinions on group decisions 

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d. voting publicly in front of group members 

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seeking outside opinions on group decisions 

Which of the following strategies would effectively reduce racism? 

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a. teaching children to avoid situations that might lead them to witness racism 

b. teaching children to conform to social expectations that discourage racism in public but ignore racism as long as it is privately expressed 

c. teaching children to ignore racism until we have eliminated racism from our society 

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d. teaching children to think independently and challenge social norms that promote racism 

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teaching children to think independently and challenge social norms that promote racism 

Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding social exchange theory? 

a. Most people are dissatisfied if their social exchanges create more costs than benefits. 

b. People are dissatisfied if their social exchanges create more costs than benefits unless the relationship is an example of consummate love. 

c. People are motivated to maximize the benefits of social exchanges, or relationships, and minimize the costs. 

d. People prefer to have more benefits than costs or to have nearly equal costs and benefits. 

People are dissatisfied if their social exchanges create more costs than benefits unless the relationship is an example of consummate love. 

David attempts to minimize the costs of his relationship with Daniel while maximizing benefits. He enjoys Daniel’s company, but he tries to avoid helping him move. This is an example of the ________ theory. 

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a. cognitive balance 

b. group effect 

c. individual exchange 

d. social exchange

social exchange

 When it comes to relationships, we expect to share thoughts, feelings, and ideas in a mutual exchange called ________. 

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a. altruism 

b. balance 

c. intimacy 

d. reciprocity 

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reciprocity 

 Diane and Bruce share their intimate thoughts and emotions and are physically attracted to each other, but their love does not contain any expectations beyond that. Their love is called ________. 

a. companionate 

b. empty 

c. liking 

d. romantic 

romantic

Roger and Joan have passion in their relationship, and they agree they will support each other. But when it comes to sharing their thoughts, they lack intimacy. Their love is called ________. 

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a. consummate 

b. empty 

c. fatuous 

d. infatuation 

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fatuous 

Heather and Mike share the household chores as equally as possible. They take turns with the cooking and driving their son to daycare. Both of them work outside the home, and each of them takes responsibility for child care one night a week to give the other one a break. We can say that their relationship has ________. 

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a. altruism 

b. groupthink 

c. reciprocity 

d. social exchange 

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reciprocity 

 The ________ is demonstrated by the attack on Kitty Genovese. 

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a. Asch effect 

b. bystander effect 

c. difference between bullying and cyberbullying 

d. social exchange theory 

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bystander effect 

 Nicole wants a cookie. Heather has a cookie. Nicole pushes Heather and takes her cookie. Nicole doesn’t intend to hurt Heather, Nicole just wants the cookie. This is an example of ________. 

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a. fatuous aggression 

b. frustration aggression 

c. hostile aggression 

d. instrumental aggression 

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instrumental aggression 

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Dale thinks that women shouldn’t work outside the home and vows never to hire a woman at his bank. Dale’s attitudes and planned course of action are ________. 

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a. racist 

b. sexist 

c. typical 

d. xenophobic 

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sexist 

Billie is a(n) ________ because he believes people over age 65 should have their driver’s license suspended, the elderly use up important social resources, and they occupy jobs that should belong to younger, more capable people. 

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a. ageist 

b. heterosexist 

c. racist 

d. sexist 

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ageist 

________ refers to prejudice and discrimination against individuals based solely on their same-sex orientation. 

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a. homophilia 

b. homophobia 

c. misogyny 

d. sexism 

homophobia 

If a person says that actors make effective spokespeople for potato chips because they are above average in attractiveness, which approach is that person using to explain attitude change? 

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a. Asch attitude change 

b. Stanford attitude change 

c. Yale attitude change 

d. Zimbardo attitude change 

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Yale attitude change 

 Which of the following is an example of the self-fulfilling prophecy? 

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a. telling blue-eyed people they are unattractive, then feeling bad and complimenting people with blue eyes to avoid feeling guilty 

b. telling people you hate boy bands, then taking your child to a boy band fan club meeting 

c. telling someone with dyslexia she cannot learn to read, leading her to become illiterate even though she could learn to read with a bit of extra effort 

d. telling your spouse you hate his cooking, then taking over the cooking yourself to avoid food poisoning 

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telling someone with dyslexia she cannot learn to read, leading her to become illiterate even though she could learn to read with a bit of extra effort 

People view the Environmental Protection Agency as competent and believe they know correct information regarding what individuals should do to protect the environment, so they possess ________ social influence when it comes to enforcing a group norm of recycling. 

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a. collective 

b. confirmation 

c. informational 

d. normative 

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informational 

Suppose you hate reality shows, but you pretend to like them in order to fit in, feel good, and be accepted by your friends, who all love reality television. This is an example of ________ social influence. 

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a. group 

b. informational 

c. majority 

d. normative 

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normative 

Which of the following is the best example of the foot-in-the-door technique of persuasion? 

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a. anti-smoking advertisements that rely on celebrity spokespeople advocating for reduction in cigarette use 

b. anti-smoking advertisements that use charts and graphs to show how many people die from smoking-related causes each year 

c. getting your parents to agree to cut their smoking down by a few cigarettes, then asking them to quit altogether 

d. supporting your sister who has decided to go cold turkey in order to quit smoking 

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getting your parents to agree to cut their smoking down by a few cigarettes, then asking them to quit altogether 

Which of the following is the best example of peripheral route persuasion? 

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a. anti-smoking advertisements that rely on celebrity spokespeople advocating for reduction in cigarette use 

b. anti-smoking advertisements that use charts and graphs to show how many people die from smoking-related causes each year 

c. encouraging your parents to quit smoking by switching to chewing tobacco, then convincing them to chew less tobacco each week 

d. supporting your sister who has decided to go cold turkey in order to quit smoking 

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anti-smoking advertisements that rely on celebrity spokespeople advocating for reduction in cigarette use 

Don knows that drinking too much liquor is a costly habit that is bad for his health, but he continues to drink large amounts of liquor. He also thinks he is a smart person that makes good choices. Don feels some psychological discomfort from this contradiction, which is also called ________. 

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a. aggressive discord 

b. cognitive dissonance 

c. perceptive deception 

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d. peripheral dissension 

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cognitive dissonance 

Penny gets an acting job on Friday that she attributes to her good acting. She doesn’t get the next acting job; therefore, she blames the casting director for not wanting to hire a woman. This is an example of ________. 

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a. racism 

b. self-fulfilling prophecy 

c. self-serving bias 

d. social loafing 

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self-serving bias 

 Which of the following is an example of actor-observer bias? 

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a. Akbar believes he is unable to stop gambling because he has an addictive personality, yet Tim is unable to stop gambling because he is addicted to gambling. 

b. Akbar believes gambling is bad, but he continues to gamble anyway. 

c. Akbar believes he is unable to stop gambling because his friends all gamble and are a bad influence, yet Tim is unable to stop gambling because he is addicted to gambling. 

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d. Akbar avoids gambling, but he observes Barnaby gambling and tries to stop him. 

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 Akbar believes he is unable to stop gambling because his friends all gamble and are a bad influence, yet Tim is unable to stop gambling because he is addicted to gambling. 

 A panic disorder is a type of ________disorder characterized by panic attacks, along with at least one month of worry about panic attacks or self-defeating behavior related to the attacks. 

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a. anxiety 

b. generalized 

c. safety 

d. social 

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anxiety 

________ is a subtype of depression in which a person experiences the symptoms of major depressive disorder only during a particular time of year. 

a. bipolar disorder 

b. mood disorder 

c. persistent depressive disorder 

d. seasonal pattern 

d. seasonal pattern 

 What kind of symptoms involves reflecting noticeable decreases and absences in certain behaviors, emotions, or drives? 

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a. absentee 

b. invisible 

c. negative 

d. positive 

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c. negative

 ________are mental or behavioral acts that reduce anxiety in social situations, such as wearing bland, neutral clothes to avoid drawing attention to oneself. 

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a. obsessions 

b. ruminations 

c. safety behaviors 

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d. therapies 

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c. safety behaviors 

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 Dr. Griffiths diagnosed Manuel with major depressive disorder because he ________. 

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a. appears tearful to others and spends weeks at a time feeling sad, empty, and hopeless 

b. exhibits three separate personalities, each distinct from the other 

c. hates being outside the home alone 

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d. refuses to leave his room due to anxiety over what might happen during the day 

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a. appears tearful to others and spends weeks at a time feeling sad, empty, and hopeless 

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 Alexis experiences the symptoms of major depressive disorder, but only during midwinter. What kind of depression does Alexis have? 

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a. bipolar 

b. peripartum/postpartum 

c. persistent depressive 

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d. seasonal pattern 

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d. seasonal pattern

From an early age, Kwaku got into trouble constantly. He continually violates the rights of others and he often lies, fights, and has problems with the law. Generally, he is impulsive and fails to think ahead. He is frequently deceitful and manipulative in order to get the things he wants, and he never regrets his misdeeds or considers the feelings of those he has harmed. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Kwaku’s personality? 

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a. antisocial personality disorder

b. dependent personality disorder 

c. obsessive-compulsive personality disorder 

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d. paranoid personality disorder 

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a. antisocial personality disorder

Which of the following exemplifies a symptom of schizotypal personality disorder? 

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a. Stella is devoted to her work and works so much that she has no time for friends or family. 

b. Stella laughed when her dog died and cried while watching a funny movie. 

c. Stella often lies, fights, and gets into trouble with police. 

d. When Stella’s father asked how her day was, she interpreted it as a threat. 

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Stella laughed when her dog died and cried while watching a funny movie. 

Jerry allows others to take over and run his life. He is submissive and clings to those around him. He cannot make decisions without advice and reassurance from others, probably because he lacks self-confidence. He finds it impossible to do things on his own, and he feels uncomfortable and helpless when he is alone. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Jerry’s personality? 

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a. avoidant personality disorder 

b. borderline personality disorder 

c. dependent personality disorder 

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d. narcissistic personality disorder 

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dependent personality disorder 

Jeff is an unforgiving perfectionist who would rather deliver work a week late than turn in a project with even minor mistakes. In fact, he spends so much time working that he never has time for anything else. Jeff is known to be rigid, inflexible, and stubborn, and he never compromises. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Jeff’s personality? 

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a. histrionic personality disorder 

b. narcissistic personality disorder 

c. obsessive-compulsive personality disorder 

d. schizoid personality disorder 

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obsessive-compulsive personality disorder 

 Which of the following is a common characteristic of all anxiety disorders? 

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a. above average number of phobias 

b. excessive, persistent fear and anxiety 

c. inability to control the body’s reaction to fear 

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d. sporadic, intense panic attacks 

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inability to control the body’s reaction to fear

 Which of the following statements about autism spectrum disorder is *incorrect*? 

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a. Exposure to environmental pollutants such as mercury has been linked to the development of this disorder. 

b. Genetic factors appear to play a prominent role in the development of this disorder. 

c. It is characterized by a pervasive pattern of inattention and/or hyperactive and impulsive behavior. 

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d. This disorder involves feeling overwhelmed and sad for extended periods of time. 

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. This disorder involves feeling overwhelmed and sad for extended periods of time. 

 Why do so many people believe there is a link between autism and the measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine? 

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a. A prestigious medical journal published a paper, which was later retracted, that identified a link. 

b. Autism rates increased in every city with an aggressive vaccination program. 

c. Everyone knows that vaccinations are unhealthy. 

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d. Parents with autistic children can see a clear link between vaccinations and autism. 

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a. A prestigious medical journal published a paper, which was later retracted, that identified a link. 

 What should be changed to make the following sentence *true*? “Acrophobia is characterized by intense fear, anxiety, and avoidance of situations in which it might be difficult to escape or receive help if one experiences symptoms of a panic attack.” 

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a. change the word “acrophobia” to the word “agoraphobia” 

b. change the word “acrophobia” to the word “arachnophobia” 

c. change the word “escape” to the word “survive” 

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d. change the word “panic” to the word “heart” 

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 change the word “acrophobia” to the word “agoraphobia”

Exhibiting a personality that ________ is a common characteristic of all personality disorders. 

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a. differs markedly from the expectations of one’s culture 

b. is borderline or narcissistic 

c. is incompatible with Western cultural norms 

d. is split off, or dissociated, from one’s core sense of self 

a. differs markedly from the expectations of one’s culture 

Etiology is another word for ________. 

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a. causes 

b. conditions 

c. forms 

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d. psychopathology 

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a. causes 

 Which classification system is used by most mental health professionals in the United States of America? 

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a. Desperate Social and Mental Disorders 

b. Determinants of Social Mental Disorders 

c. Determining Statistical Manifestation of Disorders 

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d. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 

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Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 

 ________ disorders are characterized by excessive, persistent fear and apprehension and by related disturbances in behavior. 

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a. anxiety 

b. body dysmorphic 

c. obsessive-compulsive 

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d. personality 

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a. anxiety 

 People with ________ disorders experience thoughts and urges that are intrusive and unwanted and/or the need to engage in repetitive behaviors or mental acts. 

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a. anxiety 

b. obsessive-compulsive 

c. personality 

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d. phobia 

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obsessive-compulsive

 Which psychological disorder is characterized by major disturbances in thought, perception, and behavior? 

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a. anxiety 

b. bipolar 

c. personality 

d. schizophrenia 

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d. schizophrenia

 Donna exhibits two separate personalities, each well-defined and distinct from one another, so Dr. Paulson diagnosed Donna with ________ disorder. 

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a. anxiety 

b. dissociative identity 

c. personality 

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d. schizophrenia 

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. dissociative identity 

 Which of the following is an example of flight of ideas? 

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a. Gilbert attempts suicide, then calls 9-1-1. 

b. Gilbert exhibits an abundance of energy during his debate session. 

c. Gilbert speaks in a monotone voice. 

d. Gilbert talks loudly and quickly, switching topics rapidly. 

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d. Gilbert talks loudly and quickly, switching topics rapidly. 

 Identify the compulsion in the following example. Demarco can’t stop thinking about his book collection, which includes hundreds of first editions. He wants it to be in a particular order. He spends hours every day organizing his books alphabetically by author, then by color, then by size. 

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a. having hundreds of first editions in his book collection 

b. organizing the books 

c. thinking about the books all the time 

d. thinking about the order of the books all the time 

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b. organizing the books 

 Apollonia was diagnosed with major depressive disorder five years ago. She knows her mother took medicine to combat depression and she worries her daughter will experience depression too. Why? 

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a. Apollonia also suffers from social anxiety disorder. 

b. Mood disorders are more likely to occur in younger people. 

c. Mood disorders have been shown to have a strong genetic and biological basis. 

d. People who grow up with a depressed parent become depressed themselves. 

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c. Mood disorders have been shown to have a strong genetic and biological basis. 

Veena’s thoughts, perceptions, and behaviors are impaired to the point where she is unable to function normally in life. She experiences significant difficulties in many day-to-day activities, such as holding a job, paying bills, grooming, maintaining personal hygiene, and sustaining relationships. Which of the following disorders is Veena living with? 

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a. anxiety disorder 

b. borderline personality disorder 

c. major depressive disorder 

d. schizophrenia 

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d. schizophrenia

The belief that you ________ is an example of a delusion. 

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a. can perform miracles 

b. can quit smoking 

c. do not love your parents 

d. will be arrested for committing a crime 

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a. can perform miracles 

Diondre harbors the belief that spider eggs have been implanted underneath his fingernails. What kind of delusion is this? 

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a. disorganized 

b. grandiose 

c. paranoid 

d. somatic 

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d. somatic 

 Which of the following is an example of avolition? 

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a. inability to enjoy fine dining 

b. lack of interest in going out with your friend 

c. lack of motivation to bathe yourself 

d. refusing to speak 

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lack of motivation to bathe yourself

Which of the following exemplifies a symptom of histrionic personality disorder? 

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a. Phoebe feels helpless when she is alone, and she can’t make decisions on her own. 

b. Phoebe feels uncomfortable when she is not the center of attention, and she has alienated friends by demanding excessive amounts of their attention. 

c. Phoebe is impulsive, unpredictable, and sometimes engages in self-mutilation. 

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d. Phoebe often displays an overinflated and unjustified sense of self-importance. 

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Phoebe feels uncomfortable when she is not the center of attention, and she has alienated friends by demanding excessive amounts of their attention. 

Phyllis cannot be alone. Her moods and behaviors are unstable, as are her relationships with other people. She often displays inappropriate and intense anger. Recently, Phyllis wrote a suicide note and offered to show it to her husband. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for her personality? 

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a. antisocial personality disorder 

b. avoidant personality disorder 

c. borderline personality disorder 

d. schizotypal personality disorder 

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c. borderline personality disorder 

Which of the following is *true* about neurodevelopmental disorders? 

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a. All neurodevelopmental disorders are diagnosed in early childhood. 

b. All neurodevelopmental disorders are diagnosed in middle-aged patients. 

c. All neurodevelopmental disorders are disorders of the elderly. 

d. Neurodevelopmental disorders are not diagnosed in males. 

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All neurodevelopmental disorders are diagnosed in early childhood. 

 What should be changed to make the following sentence *true*? “The stress model suggests that people with a predisposition for a disorder are more likely to develop the disorder when faced with stress.” 

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a. insert the word “diathesis-” before the first appearance of the word “stress” 

b. change the first appearance of the word “stress” with the word “trauma” 

c. change the second appearance of the word “disorder” with the word “diathesis” 

d. change the word “predisposition” to the word “susceptibility” 

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insert the word “diathesis-” before the first appearance of the word “stress” 

Which of the following statements is *true* about obsessive-compulsive disorder? 

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a. It involves intrusive, unpleasant thoughts and repetitive behaviors. 

b. It involves persistent, unfocused anxiety. 

c. It is most often diagnosed during adolescence. 

d. Men are more often diagnosed than women. 

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a. It involves intrusive, unpleasant thoughts and repetitive behaviors. 

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Which of the following factors does *not* strongly predict the development of posttraumatic stress disorder? 

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a. experiencing trauma in isolation 

b. greater trauma severity 

c. lack of immediate social support 

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d. trauma experience 

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a. experiencing trauma in isolation 

The ________ perspective suggests that psychological disorders result largely from faulty physical processes, and the ________perspective emphasizes the importance of factors such as stress and thoughts as well as environmental factors in the development of psychological disorders. 

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a. biological; psychological 

b. diathesis; supernatural 

c. medical; stress 

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d. psychological; biological 

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biological; psychological 

 Repeated drug use and/or alcohol use after a period of improvement from substance abuse is called ________. 

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a. addiction 

b. comorbidity 

c. relapse 

d. reversion 

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c. relapse

 Addiction is often viewed as a(an) ________ disease. 

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a. chronic 

b. fleeting 

c. imaginary 

d. simple 

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a. chronic

Which treatment modality involves 5–10 people with the same issue or concern meeting together with a trained clinician? 

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a. couple therapy 

b. group therapy 

c. strategic family therapy 

d. structural family therapy 

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b. group therapy 

Humanistic therapy is also called ________ therapy. 

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a. client-centered 

b. cognitive-behavioral 

c. ECT 

d. personality-focused 

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client-centered 

 What is the goal of humanistic therapy? 

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a. helping clients change undesirable behaviors 

b. helping people become more self-aware and accepting of themselves 

c. learning a new response to a stimulus 

d. treating a client’s fear or anxiety 

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helping people become more self-aware and accepting of themselves 

 ECT stands for ________. 

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a. easy classical treatment 

b. economy, cognition, tokens 

c. electroconvulsive therapy 

d. extra conditioning therapy 

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electroconvulsive therapy 

Who developed client-centered therapy? 

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a. Abraham Maslow 

b. Carl Rogers 

c. Dorothea Dix 

d. Philippe Pinel 

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b. Carl Rogers 

 ________ were the first institutions created for the specific purpose of housing people with psychological disorders. 

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a. asylums 

b. churches 

c. clinics 

d. hospitals 

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churches

Who led the reform efforts for mental health care in the United States? 

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a. Carl Rogers 

b. Dorothea Dix 

c. Philippe Pinel 

d. Sigmund Freud 

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b. Dorothea Dix

 Deinstitutionalization refers to the ________. 

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a. decriminalization of patients 

b. medicalization of patients 

c. process of closing large asylums 

d. treatment of those on parole and probation 

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c. process of closing large asylums 

Elena is attending mandatory therapy sessions. Her doctor just wants her to talk about her childhood. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify? 

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a. behavior therapy 

b. cognitive therapy 

c. humanistic therapy 

d. psychodynamic psychotherapy 

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d. psychodynamic psychotherapy

 Renzo’s therapist helps him learn to overcome his fear of dogs through several stages of relaxation techniques. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify? 

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a. aversive conditioning 

b. behavior therapy 

c. client-centered therapy 

d. psychodynamic psychotherapy

b. behavior therapy 

In order to overcome an eating disorder, Sevilla’s therapist works to change her cognitive distortions and self-defeating behaviors by helping her learn to identify such behaviors. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify? 

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a. aversion therapy 

b. classical conditioning 

c. cognitive-behavioral therapy 

d. free association 

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. cognitive-behavioral therapy

 According to research, how does the public view children and teens with mental health disorders? 

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a. A statistically insignificant number of U.S. adults do not believe children can develop a mental health disorder. 

b. Over 1,300 U.S. adults believe children with depression are prone to violence. 

c. Research has not been conducted regarding how the public views children and teens with mental health disorders. 

d. The majority of U.S. adults do not believe depressed children are capable of violence. 

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b. Over 1,300 U.S. adults believe children with depression are prone to violence. 

 What does research show regarding race and ethnic differences in those who receive mental health services? 

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a. Ethnic minorities tend to utilize mental health services less frequently than White, middle-class Americans. 

b. Ethnic minorities tend to utilize mental health services more frequently than White, middle-class Americans. 

c. Ethnic minorities tend to utilize mental health services to the same extent as White, middle-class Americans. 

d. Ethnically Asian minorities tend to utilize mental health services less frequently than ethnically Black minorities.

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Ethnic minorities tend to utilize mental health services less frequently than White, middle-class Americans. 

Jarl makes several minor mistakes during his conversational French class. Instead of thinking, “everyone makes mistakes sometimes,” he thinks, “I am so stupid.” What kind of cognitive distortion is this? 

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a. all-or-nothing thinking 

b. beating a dead horse 

c. jumping to conclusions 

d. overgeneralization 

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d. overgeneralization 

Grace is talking with her wife, Myanna. Myanna starts crying, and Grace immediately assumes that Myanna wants a divorce. What kind of cognitive distortion is this? 

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a. all-or-nothing thinking 

b. emotional crumbling 

c. jumping to conclusions 

d. overgeneralization 

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c. jumping to conclusions

The use of ________ can result in decreased appetite, difficulty sleeping, stomachache, and headache. 

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a. anti-anxiety agents 

b. antipsychotics 

c. atypical antipsychotics 

d. stimulants 

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d. stimulants 

 The amount of time spent in therapy depends on the needs of the client and the ________. 

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a. client’s personal goals 

b. client’s personality as determined during intake 

c. client’s willingness to follow the recommendations of the therapist 

d. therapist–client relationship 

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a. client’s personal goals 

 Which of the following is a benefit of group therapy? 

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a. Clients in group therapy don’t need additional biomedical therapy. 

b. In every case it is more effective than individual therapy. 

c. It can decrease a client’s shame and isolation about a problem. 

d. There is less transference during group therapy. 

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c. It can decrease a client’s shame and isolation about a problem. 

 Breach of confidentiality is a greater risk in ________ therapy. 

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a. group 

b. humanistic 

c. individual 

d. play 

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a. group 

Statistics show that ________ of homeless adults living in shelters experience mental illness. 

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a. 15% 

b. 26% 

c. 35% 

d. 60% 

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b. 26% 

 Lexi cannot control her impulses to pull out her hair. Her friend Paul suggests that she see a therapist and Lexi agrees. She gets a referral from her primary care physician for a therapist and begins seeing Dr. Clark four times a month. What kind of treatment does this describe? 

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a. classical conditioning 

b. electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) 

c. involuntary 

d. voluntary 

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d. voluntary 

 Which institutional setting replaced asylums in caring for the mentally ill? 

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a. churches 

b. prisons 

c. psychiatric hospitals 

d. schools 

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c. psychiatric hospitals 

 According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, ________ of U.S. adults experienced mental illness in 2012. 

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a. 13% 

b. 15% 

c. 19% 

d. 25% 

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c. 19% 

 Ocean Therapy involves group discussion and ________. 

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a. aversion therapy 

b. learning how to surf 

c. sensory deprivation 

d. swimming with dolphins 

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b. learning how to surf 

 What should be changed to make the following sentence *true*? In aversion therapy, a therapist seeks to treat clients’ fears or anxiety by presenting them with the object or situation that causes their problem, with the idea that they will eventually get used to it. 

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a. The phrase “or anxiety” should be eliminated. 

b. The phrase “or situation” should be eliminated. 

c. The word “aversion” should be changed to the word “exposure.” 

d. The word “problem” should be changed to the word “anxiety.” 

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The word “aversion” should be changed to the word “exposure.” 

 Which principle underlies the effectiveness of systematic desensitization? 

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a. Once you are conditioned to relax, you will never feel stress again. 

b. Some people are genetically predisposed to tension. 

c. You can’t be nervous and relaxed at the same time. 

d. You can’t enjoy life if you are surrounded by things that induce anxiety. 

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c. You can’t be nervous and relaxed at the same time. 

 What does research suggest about the comparative effectiveness of psychotherapeutic techniques? 

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a. A meta-analysis suggests that psychodynamic psychoanalysis is the least effective approach. 

b. Data regarding the comparative effectiveness of psychotherapeutic techniques is unavailable. 

c. No studies have found one psychotherapeutic approach more effective than another. 

d. Research shows that cognitive-behavioral therapy is the most effective approach. 

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No studies have found one psychotherapeutic approach more effective than another. 

 Antipsychotic drugs, such as Haldol, are used to treat all of the following *except*________. 

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a. auditory hallucinations 

b. manic episodes 

c. paranoia 

d. visual hallucinations 

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d. visual hallucinations