Lecture 24: Neural and Hormonal Control of Digestion and Disorders

Vocabulary flashcards for Neural and Hormonal Control of Digestion and Disorders

Submucosa

Dense irregular connective tissue, submucosal plexus, blood and lymphatic vessels, submucosal gland.

Muscularis externa

Longitudinal layer, myenteric plexus, circular layer.

Mucosa

Muscularis mucosae, lamina propria, epithelium.

Cephalic Phase

The phase of gastric activity involving sight, smell, taste, and thoughts of food which leads to Vagus nerve stimulation.

Gastric Phase

The phase of gastric activity that begins when food enters the stomach and involves various secretions stimulated by two actions.

Intestinal Phase

The phase of gastric activity where partially digested proteins trigger vagus and ENS stimulation to secrete intestinal gastrin.

Enteric Nervous System

A major component of the autonomic nervous system that controls the gastrointestinal system.

Gastrin

A hormone that increases acid secretion by parietal cells; stimulated by partially digested proteins and vagus nerve.

Histamine

A hormone that increases acid secretion by parietal cells; stimulated by the vagus nerve.

Somatostatin

A hormone that decreases acid secretion by parietal cells; stimulated by decreasing stomach pH.

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

Chronic regurgitation of acidic chyme into the esophagus.

Emesis

Vomiting, due to relaxation of smooth muscle of the stomach and esophageal sphincters.

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

A hormone secreted by duodenal cells that triggers contraction of the gallbladder, which releases bile.

Secretin

A hormone secreted by duodenal cells that stimulates bile production and release, and increases secretion of HCO3.

Defecation Reflex

A reflex initiated by mass movements forcing fecal material into the rectum.

Bolus

Food that is ingested and chemically and mechanically digested in the mouth.