3.1 Photosynthesis & Respiration

H+ ions

H+ ions

________ diffuse down the proton gradient through ATP synthase.

PSII

Positive charge is neutralised by the electrons from ________, they are excited to a higher energy level, picked up by the electron acceptor and passed down.

Glucose

________ to CO2 uses 3000Kjmol and wastes a lot of energy as heat.

Chloroplasts

________ are transducers turning light to ATP then ATP to triose phosphate.

Proton gradients

________ generated bt electron transport drive ATP production by ATP synthesis.

ATP

________ is formed by condensation and Phosphorylation.

PSI

________ absorbs photons which excited electrons in the chlorophyll- a molecules in its reaction centres.

Peaks

________ in the absorption spectrum indicate the photosynthetic pigments present in the organism.

photosystem II

Light is absorbed by ________ and passed to the primary pigment.

stroma

They are suspended in a fluid called the ________.

DOPIP

________ is reduced in light dependant reactions,

Reduction

________ is the gain of electrons.

Electrons

________ are transferred to a chain of alternate proton pumps in the inner mitochondrial membrane.

CO2

________ is added to Ribulose bisphosphate, breaks down and forms glycerate- 3- phosphate, which is reduced to Triose Phosphate.

Cyclic Photophosphorylation

Electrons are passed back to PSI.

Chlorophyll

________ in PSII is left with a positive charge.

Energy

________ from protons pimping through gives the ________ for ATP synthetase to make ATP.

Chlorophylls

________ absorb blue and red light.

Non Cyclic photophosphorylation

________ produces ATP and NADPH, lost electrons from PSII replaced by the photolysis of water, generating oxygen.

Carbon

________ is reduced and becomes a carbohydrate.

electron acceptor

Electrons are transferred from the ________ to oxidised NADP in the stroma.

Accessory pigments

________ → Increase the wavelength of light so more wavelengths can be absorbed.

biological reactions

It releases small amounts of energy (30 Kjmol) which is perfect for ________.

Green Light

________ is reflected as there are no pigments that are able to absorb the ________, therefore ________ results in a low rate of photosynthesis.

Rotation of Complex

________ is used to produce ATP.

Source of electrons

________ is the photolysis of water.

ATP

________ is the immediate source of all energy.

thylakoids form discs

The ________ and are called granum.

ATP

________ consists of; Ribose, Adenine Base and 3 Phosphate groups.

Electrons

________ are transported between protein pumps in the inner membrane.

CO2

________ binds to RibuloseBisphosphate and forms an unstable intermediate,

Energy

________ uses to pump across the membrane to create proton gradients.

ATP

It takes 3 protons to rotate the head 120 degrees to produce ________.

Exergonic

Releases energy, Respiration

Endergonic

Requires energy, Active transport, and Protein synthesis

Artificial Chloroplasts

Synthetic structures that mimic the function of natural chloroplasts in plants.

pH

A measure of the acidity or basicity of a solution, determined by the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) present.

ATP

Adenosine triphosphate, a molecule that stores and provides energy for cellular processes.