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Moral Theory
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Moral Relativism
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The view that morality varies according to culture or individual opinion, suggesting that moral principles are not objective.
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Cultural Relativism
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The subtype of moral relativism that asserts morality is relative to cultural opinion.
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22 Terms
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1
Moral Relativism
The view that morality varies according to culture or individual opinion, suggesting that moral principles are not objective.
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2
Cultural Relativism
The subtype of moral relativism that asserts morality is relative to cultural opinion.
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3
Subjectivism
The subtype of moral relativism that asserts morality is relative to individual opinion.
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4
Critical Thinking
The proper assessment of reasons and claims to determine their validity.
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5
Ethics
A branch of philosophy that deals with the moral values involved in human conduct.
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6
Divine Command Theory
The view that moral principles are determined by God's commands.
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7
Utilitarianism
A consequentialist theory that states the morality of an action is determined by its ability to maximize overall happiness.
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8
Act Utilitarianism
A version of utilitarianism that assesses individual actions to see if they maximize happiness.
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9
Rule Utilitarianism
A version of utilitarianism that assesses whether following a rule will maximize happiness for everyone.
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10
Kantian Ethics
The view that the truth of moral principles is determined by rationality, emphasizing consistency and respect for humanity.
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11
Prima Facie Duties
Duties that are considered in our actions, based on various factors such as others' actions and previous actions.
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12
Humanity Rule
Kant's principle that states we must always treat humanity as an end, never merely as a means.
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13
Virtue Ethics
The ethical theory that emphasizes the importance of character traits conducive to human flourishing.
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14
Non-maleficence
A prima facie duty not to harm others.
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15
Beneficence
A prima facie duty to do good to others.
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16
Justice
A prima facie duty to distribute goods and harms based on merit.
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17
Self-perfection
A prima facie duty to improve oneself.
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18
Foundation Argument (for Divine Command Theory)
The argument that asserts Divine Command Theory provides a foundation for ethics, claiming it is the true moral theory.
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19
Atrocity Objection
The objection that claims if moral relativism is true, then moral atrocities cannot be considered wrong.
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20
Disagreement Argument
The argument that claims because people disagree about morality, it must be a matter of opinion.
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21
No Proof Argument
The argument that morality cannot be proven, thus claiming it is merely a matter of opinion.
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22
Motivation Argument
The argument that asserts only Divine Command Theory provides a motive to always be moral due to divine punishment or reward.
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