nucleic acids and proteins

Describe the functions of DNA

Store of genetic information

During reproduction, DNA is passed from parent to offspring

Acts as a template for protein synthesis

DNA replicates before cell division

DNA mutations and variations contribute to genetic diversity, allowing for evolution

What is chargaff’s rule?

The amount of adenine is equal to thymine and the amount of guanine is equal to cytosine in a DNA molecule

Describe the differences between mRNA, tRNA and rRNA

mRNA - carries genetic information from DNA in cell nucleus to ribosomes. Acts as a template during photosynthesis

tRNA - each has a specific amino acid and has an anticodon that recognises complementary codon

rRNA - along with proteins forms the structure of ribosomes and catalyses the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids

What is small nuclear RNA (snRNA) ?

Involved in processing pre-mRNA during splicing

They are a part of the spliceosome and removes introns while joining exons.

What is microRNA (miRNA) and small interfering RNA (siRNA)?

They regulate gene expression by binding to specific mRNA molecules

What is long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) ?

Involved in processes such as chromatin modification/(post) transcriptional regulation etc.

What is small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) ?

Involved in the modification and processing of rRNA within the nucleolus

What is telomerase RNA?

Acts as a template for the synthesis of telomeres which are the protective caps at the ends of linear chromosomes.

How do isoforms and variants of proteins arise?

Alternative splicing and genetic variations lead to the production of different forms of proteins with varying functions.