AB PSYCH | Normalcy and Abnormalcy

Psychological Disorder

psychological dysfunction within an individual associated with distress or impairment in functioning and a response that is not typical or culturally expected

4 D’s of Psychological Disorder

• Dysfunction

• Distress

• Deviance

• Dangerousness

Dysfunction

• breakdown in cognitive, emotional, or behavioral functioning

• Interferes daily functioning

Distress

extremely upset and cannot function properly

Deviance

deviates from the average or the norm of the culture

Dangerousness

creates potential harm to self (suicidal gestures) and others (excessive aggression)

Duration

how long the mental state has been persisting

Psychopathology

scientific study of mental disorders

Clinical Psychology

applied branch of psychology that seeks to understand, assess, and treat psychological conditions in a clinical setting

Abnormal Psychology

branch of psychology that studies unusual patterns of behavior, emotions, and thought which may or may not indicate an underlying condition

Normal Behavior

one behavior that is like other people in the society

Normality is…?

• social conformity

• personal comfort

• a process

Criteria for determining Abnormal Behavior

• Norm-violation

• Statistical rarity

• Personal Discomfort

• Deviation

• Maladaptiveness

Clinical Assessment

the systematic evaluation and measurement of psychological, biological, and social factors in an individual presenting with a possible psychological disorder

Diagnosis

process of determining whether the particular problem afflicting the individual meets all criteria for a psychological disorder

Epidemiology

study of the distribution of diseases, disorders, or health-related behaviors in a given population

Prevalence

number of active cases in a population during a given period of time

Point Prevalence

proportion of actual, active cases of a disorder in a given population at a given point in time

1 Year Prevalence

everyone who experienced a particular disorder at any point in time throughout the entire year

Lifetime Prevalence

estimate number of people who have had a particular disorder at any time in their lives

Incidence

number of new cases occur over a given period of time

Sign

manifestation of disease that the physicians receive

Symptom

subjective representation of the complaints of the patient

Syndrome

group of symptoms that occur together more often by chance

DSM-IV Axis

Axis I: Clinical Disorder '

Axis II: Personality Disorders & Mental Retardation

Axis III: General Mental Conditions

Axis IV: Psychosocial & Environmental Problems

Axis V: Global Assessment of Functioning

DSM-IV Axis I

Clinical Disorder '

DSM-IV Axis II

Personality Disorders & Mental Retardation

DSM-IV Axis III

General Mental Conditions

DSM-IV Axis IV

Psychosocial & Environmental Problems

DSM-IV Axis V

Global Assessment of Functioning