Sigmund Freud and Psychoanalysis (Exam 2)

Conscious

Things we are aware of in this moment

Preconcious

Things we don’t have in our awareness, but we can easily bring them into awareness.

Unconscious

Things you cannot easily bring into awareness

Id

Drive by pleasure principle. Seeks instant gratification of basic urges/need/desires. Basic instinct. I want it now and don't care about rational.

Ex: eats whole chocolate cake now, even if it is my roommates cake.

Ego

Driven by reality principle. Uses reasoning to make decisions and demands and balance impulses with practicality.

Ex: waiting in line to buy food, rather than grabbing from someone else to satisfy hunger.

Super ego

Driven by morality principle. Uses moral compass, rules, ethics to distinguished right from wrong.

Ex: choosing not to steal a toy because you know it is wrong, even though you want it.

In super ego, what is ego ideal vs conscience

Conscience: punishes bad behavior with guilt

Ego ideal: rewards good behavior with pride

Reality anxiety

Realistic anxiety from real world dangers or practical things.

Ex: fear of car accident; ego takes protective actions.

Neurotic anxiety

Fear that id’s impulses will overwhelm the ego and lead to punishment. It wants something that my ego doesn't.

Ex: breaking dishes in store for fun

Moral anxiety

Fear of violating one’s own conscience or moral standards. Id or ego in conflict with super ego.

Ex: breaking dishes in a store is wrong, and I should do it.

Repression

Suppressing emotions or memories

Denial

Choosing not to believe something

Regression

Regressing to previous state of “childness”

Projection

We tend to see unacceptable traits in ourselves, but call them out when we see them in others.

Reaction formation

Take an opposite position of inappropriate impulse.

Ex: crush on boss

Displacement

having unacceptable impulses towards a target, but cannot act on them.

Ex: cannot yell at your boss, so you yell at your partner instead.

Undoing

Undoing harm of a particular action

Ex: yelling at a partner leads to making dinner that night to undo the harm.

Rationalization

Knowing a behavior is unacceptable, but come up with excuses

Ex: buys many books and says “well at least it's not drugs”

Intellectualization

Changes language to be more intellectual and make something less harmful.

Ex: patient died vs patient expired

Sublimation

Take unacceptable impulses in channel energy into something useful (frued: only healthy one).

Ex: when anger they go to the gym for boxing.

Oral stage

During infancy, babies get their needs met through their mouth which gives them pleasure (chewing, eating toys).

Develops trust if needs are met.

Anal stage

Kids are potty training and control their bathroom habits. Develop a sense of control if needs are met.

Phallic stage

In early childhood they realize boys and girls have different parts and relationships between genders.

Phallic stage: Oedipus complex

Crush on opposite sex parent but repress desires due to fear of retaliation from other parent.

Phallic stage: Castration anxiety

A child having fear that the father will cut off their penis as a punishment for his desires for the mother.

Phallic stage: penis envy

Females developing envy for the male sex organ (aka the penis)

Latency stage

During puberty sexual energy is dormant or repressed. Energy is redirected towards hobbies, friendships or social skills. Developing sense of competence.

Genital stage

from puberty to adulthood the libido re-awakens sexual energy is directed towards relationships.

Fixations

Unresolved conflicts from previous stages may resurface which affecting the ability to form healthy, lasting relationship relationships.

Free association

The more we talk, the more we make connections. Can allow us to uncover unconscious feelings, memories, and patterns.

Catharsis

if we let things out/express emotions we will be able to be relieved of it.

Resistance

Things you are resistant to talk about, which are the most important part.

Freudian slip

Slips can mean it’s not an accident and reflect something underneath.

Ex: saying an exs name to current partner

Dream interpretation

Dreams mean something

Manifest content

The actual stuff that happens in your dream

Latent content

The underlining meaning of your dream

Contributions of Sigmund Freud and psychoanalysis

Correct in defense mechanisms, the idea of the unconscious, Id, ego, super ego

Criticisms of Sigmund Freud and psychoanalysis

Emphasis on sex and other factors, hard to test, psychoanalysis not as effective, unsupported research.