Chapter 5 - Integumentary

Dead, scaly keratinized cells, 30 layers

Stratum Corneum description

rest on base membrane, keratinocytes, meloncytes, stemcells, tactile cells

Stratum basale description

found only in thick skin, densely pack keratinocytes with a clear protein (eleidin)

Stratum lucidum description

contain keratohyaline and lamellar granules, creates epidermal water barrier

Stratum granulosum description

largest layer, contains dendritic cells

Stratum spinosum description

NEW PTSD or PTSD NEW

what is the acronym for th functions of the skin

protection, thermoregulation, sensations, vitamin D synthesis, non-verbal communication, excretion, water regulation

what are the functions of the skin

acid mantle

protective acidic film to maintain levels of bacteria growth

dendritic cells

immune cells in the epidermis

keratinocytes

most common cell in epidermis that produces keratin

stem cells

undifferentiated cells that divide to create keratinocytes

melanocytes

produce melanosomes which then produce melanin

the number of melanocytes are consist between races; skin color depends on melanin production levels

what is the key attribute to know regarding th erelationship of melanocytes and skin color

tactile cells

touch receptor cells

avascular

is the epidermis vascular or avascular

keratinized stratified squamous

what type of epithelium is the epidermis

epidermal water barrier

water repellant layer that keeps our body’s water in and outside water out

areolar and dense connective tissue

what types of connective tissue is the dermis

vascular

is the dermis vascular or avascular

false

True or False: the dermis is NOT innervated

dermal papillae

What is the green pointing to

epidermal ridges

What is the blue pointing to

dense irregular connective

what tissue type is the reticular layer of the dermis

reticular

which layer of the dermis is thicker

provide strength, support

what is the purpose of the reticular layer of the dermis

collagen bundles

what structures are found in the reticular layer of the dermis

areolar loose connective tissue

what is the papillary layer of the dermis made of

give leukocytes and other fighting agents access to the epidermis to fight pathogens

what is the purpose of the papillary layer of the dermis

vascular

is the papillary layer vascular or avascular

sensory nerve endings and immune cells

what kind of cells that are key components to the papillary layer

true

true or false: the papillary layer has a prominent papillae pattern

lips, genitals - sensitive nerve endings; fingerprint - prominent papillae pattern

where is the papillary layer prominently located

hairless areas do not get sensory input from hair follicles so - dermal papillae and epidermal ridges become taller in height to add surface area adding to sensory input

why is the papillary layer more prominent in those areas

beneath the skin

where is the hypodermis/subcutaneous layer located

areolar and adipose

what are the tissue types that are found in the hypodermis

highly vascular

is the hyposdermis vascular or avascular

quick absorption

what is the purpose of the hypodermis layer

energy storage and insulation

what is the purpose of the subcutaneous fat

perpendicular

what direction of incision (perpendicular or parallel) will cause gaping

wrapped around the nucleus

where is melanin found

blocks UV rays —> causes disparities in how burnt one may get

how does the location and production of melanin relate to sun rays

more melanin - darker color and vice versa

how does melanin production relate to skin color

melanocyte number is consistent between people, melanin production is different

describe the relationship of melonocytes and melanin

cyanosis

blueness of skin from lack of oxygen

erythema

abnormal redness

pallor

pale or ashen color

albinism

genetic lack of melanin

jaundice

yellowing of skin from increased levels of bilirubin

hematoma

mass of clotted blood showing through skin

pilus (pili)

keratinized filament (hair)

medulla

inner core of a hair follice

cortex

middle, thickest layer of a hair follicle

cuticle

outermost layer; thin, scaly, overlapping cells

dermal papillae

location of blood vessels in a hair follicle

insulation, protection, communication

what is the function of hair

hair matrix

region of actively dividing cells adjacent to the papilla

resist pulling on the hair; pulling it out

what is the function of the cuticle

internal root sheath, externl root sheath, fibrous root sheath

what are the layers of the follicle from deep to superficial

anagen, catagen, telogen

what are the three stages of hair growth

anagen

early growing phase with actively dividing cells

catagen

hair growth ceases (hair matrix stops dividing), dermal papilla detaches

telogen

dermal papilla ascends, clud hair falls out usually

keratinized stratum corneum

what are nails made of

nail matrix is underneath so actively dividing cell black the coloring of the nail bed

why is the lunule a different color than the rest of the nail

connected to the dermis which contains nerves and vessels

why does it hurt to cut the nail body vs free edge

sudoriferous gland

another name for sweat gland

apocrine and eccrine

what are the two typese of sudiferous glands

limited distribution and secretes fatty acids (give smell)

what are the characteristics of the apocrine gland

widely distributed and secrete sweat

what are the characteristics of the eccrine gland

sebaceous gland

secrete oil/sebum

moisturize hair

what is the purpose of the sebaceous gland

ceruminous gland

secrete wax in the ears

mammory gland

secretes milk

acne

inflammation of the sebaceous galnds, follicles blocked with keratinocytes and sebum

dermatitis

inflammation of the skin usually for contact with plants resulting in itching and redness

eczema

itchy, red, “weeping” skin lesions caused by an allergy

psoriasis

recurring, reddened palques covered with silverly scale, autoimmune, genetic

ring worm

fungla infection of the skin in moist areas

Rosacea

red, rashlike area, often nose and cheeks

warts

benign, elevated, rough lesions caused by human papillomaviruses (HPV)

basale layer

where does basal cell cancinoma located

stratum spinosum

where does squamous cell carcinonma located

melanocyte

where is melanoma located