Pre-IB Chemistry Chapter 4 Flashcards

When an excited hydrogen atom returns from an excited state to its ground state, it

emits a photon of radiation

Interference of Light

The theory that light behaves as a wave

hv

the amount of energy given off or absorbed when electrons change energy states

Quanta

the energy radiated off of hot objects in small, specific amounts

Hund’s Rule

Each of the orbitals at a particular level have one electron before any of them can have two electrons

Noble gases

A particle that has an outer main energy level fully occupied by eight electrons

The energy of a photon depends on the _____ and _____ of the radiation.

lambda and nu(v)

Hertz

The frequency of one wave per second

Wavel

Photoelectric Effect

The ejection of electrons from the surface of a metal when light shines on it

Ground State

The lowest energy state of an atom

Frequency

The number of waves that pass a point in one second

Line Spectrum

When an electron drops from a higher-energy state to a lower-energy state

Speed of Electromagnetic Radiation

3*E8

Red

The color with the longest wavelength on the visible spectrum

Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle

It is not possible to know the velocity and the position of a small particle at the same time

Aufbau’s Principle

An electron occupies the lowest energy orbital that can receive it

Pauli Exclusion Principle

No two electrons in the same atom can have the same four quantum numbers

Bohr Model of the Atom

The single electron of hydrogen circles the nucleus only in allowed orbits, each with a fixed energy

s sub-level

looks like a sphere; one orbital

p sub-level

looks like a dumbell; three orbitals

d sub-level

looks like a double dumbell; five orbitals

f sub-level

has 7 orbitals

Sub-level s can hold ___________ electrons

2

Sub-level p can hold ______ electrons

6

Sub-level d can hold ____ electrons

10

Sub-level f can hold ____ electrons.

14

Orbital Notation

arrows

Electron Configuration Notation

ex. 1s2 2p2

Electromagnetic Radiation

energy that exhibits wavelike behavior

Frequency and Wavelength Equation

c=(lambda)(v)

quantum

the minimum quantity of energy that can be lost or gained by an atom

Relationship between a quantum of energy and the frequency of radiation

E=hv

Planck’s Constant

h=6.626(10^-34) J*s

Speed of Light

3.00(10^8)

Photon

a particle of electromagnetic radiation having zero mass and carrying a quantum of energy

Orbital

a three-dimensional region around the nucleus that indicates the probable location of an electron

Quantum Theory

Describes mathematically the wave properties of electrons and other very small particles

Quantum numbers

specify the properties of atomic orbitals and the properties of electrons in orbitals

Principal Quantum Number

indicates the main energy level

Angular Momentum Quantum Number

indicates the shape of the orbital

Magnetic Quantum Number

Indicates the location of an orbital around the nucleus

Spin Quantum Number

indicates the spin state

Electron Configuration

The arrangement of electrons in an atom

The List of Noble Gases(Group 18 Elements)

Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon, Radon