Ultrasound

TTE, TEE, gastric and lung POCUS

What US finding are the arrows pointing to? Is this normal?

A lines. Normal. Represents reverberation of the ultrasound beams on air in the lung parenchyma

What US finding are the lines pointing to? Are these normal findings?

B lines. Can be normal (especially at the bases), but if more than 3 in multiple areas, need to consider pulmonary edema

If <3mm, then think about GGO. If <7mm then interlobular tissue thickening.

What sign is this?

Seashore sign. Indicates normal lung sliding

What sign is this?

Barcode sign. Pathognomonic for pneumothorax

Does the presence of A lines rule out pneumothorax?

No

What are possible explanations for lung point?

Pneumothorax

Pulmonary adhesions

Pleurodesis

What lung POCUS findings are c/w consolidation?

Hepatization, heterogenous appearance within the parenchyma. Can also see dynamic and static air bronchograms.

What is the ideal probe to use to look at lung pleura?

Linear probeW

Which probe should be used to look at lung parenchyma?

Curvilinear or phased array

When performing lung POCUS, where should the marker face? What is the probe orientation?

Marker faces cephalad, sagittal orientation