Grade 10 Geography: Population, Migration, and Urbanisation

Practice flashcards based on lecture notes covering population terms, distribution, density, structure, and urbanisation challenges.

What is defined as the movement of people so that they can change their place of residence?

Migration

What is the difference between emigration and immigration?

Emigration is when a person leaves his or her country, while immigration is when a person from another country settles in this country.

How does the transcript define regional migration within Southern Africa?

The movement of people within a region such as the SADC, for example, from Zimbabwe to South Africa.

What term describes the movement of people from rural areas such as towns to cities?

Rural-urban migration

How is urbanisation defined?

The increase in the proportion of people living in towns and cities.

What are inter-urban movements?

The movements of people on a daily basis between two cities.

What are intra-urban movements?

The movement of people within an urban area, such as from the suburbs to the CBD or vice versa.

What causes voluntary migration according to the provided notes?

People choose to leave due to better conditions in another area, known as pull factors, such as better employment opportunities or climate.

What classifies a migration as forced?

When people are forced to move due to conflict, war, discrimination, crime, natural disasters, or food shortages.

What is xenophobia?

Fear or hatred of foreigners.

What is a political migrant?

A person who is forced to migrate to another country due to political turmoil or conflict.

How are refugees defined in the transcript?

People who flee from a country where war and violence threaten survival to seek shelter in a neighbouring state, usually as a temporary move.

What is transhumance?

The movement of animals or other organisms determined by changing weather or seasons, or in response to labour or climate conditions.

What does the term brain drain refer to in the context of rural depopulation?

When educated or skilled people move away, leaving behind those who are least educated, which slows economic growth.

What is population distribution?

The way people are spread or distributed in a region or area.

What is the difference between a dense population and a sparse population?

A dense population has many people living in an area, while a sparse population has few people living in an area.

According to the UN, what is the total world population estimated to exceed by 2030?

$$8 \text{ billion}$$

What is the population density of India as recorded in the sub-continent map?

More than $1000 \text{ persons per km}^2$

What is the formula for calculating Population Density?

$$\text{Population Density} = \frac{\text{Total Population of an area}}{\text{Area (in km}^2\text{)}}$$

Why is arithmetic density sometimes considered an unreliable statistic?

It provides an average and does not take into account inhospitable parts like mountains, swamps, or dry areas where people cannot live.

Which South African province had the highest population density according to the 2011 rank?

Gauteng

What was the estimated population of South Africa as of 2021?

$$60.14 \text{ million}$$

What was the population density in South Africa in 2021?

$$44 \text{ people per km}^2$$

What is the Crude Birth Rate (CBR)?

The number of births per $1000$ of the population.

How is Life Expectancy (LE) defined?

The average number of years a person is expected to live.

What does Per Capita Income (PCI) measure?

The amount of money earned by an economically active person in one year, usually measured in US dollars.

What is the age range for the Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) in some countries?

$0 \text{ (birth) to } 4 \text{ years}$ per $1000$ live births.

How is the Fertility Rate measured?

The average number of births per $1000 \text{ women}$ falling between the ages of $15 \text{ to } 49 \text{ years}$.

What are the three main age groups used to interpret a population pyramid?

The young ($0 \text{ to } 19 \text{ years}$), the adult ($20 \text{ to } 64 \text{ years}$), and the old or aged ($65 \text{ years and over}$).

What is the Dependency Ratio?

The ratio between those of working age and those of non-working age.

What does a triangular-shaped population pyramid indicate?

A high birth rate and a high death rate, typically associated with developing countries like India and Ethiopia.

What is natural increase in a population?

When the number of births exceeds the number of deaths in a region.

What is overpopulation?

When the population of an area exceeds the carrying capacity of the area and the environment cannot support the inhabitants.

In what year was China's one-child policy introduced nationally?

$$1979$$

What is female infanticide?

The intentional killing of female children, usually at birth, as male children are preferred in some societies.

What constitutes a megacity?

A city with over $10 \text{ million}$ people.

What is urban blight (or decay)?

The deterioration of parts of an urban area, especially where buildings are not maintained.

What is the definition of gentrification (or chelseafication)?

When low-cost houses are bought by the wealthy cheaply and modernised.

What is facadism?

Preserving the front of a building while the rest is knocked down and re-built to preserve heritage.

What are push factors in rural depopulation?

Negative reasons that lead people to leave rural areas, such as poverty, unemployment, or natural disasters.