Chapter 11: Sound and Light

Echolocation

________ is the process of locating objects by emitting sounds and detecting the sound waves that reflect back.

Convex Lenses

________ can be used to bend incoming light rays so they converge before they enter the eye.

Concave Mirrror

________: If the surface of a mirror is curved inward.

Sonar

________ is a system that uses the reflection of underwater sound waves to detect objects.

Mirages

________ result when air near the ground is much warmer or cooler than the air above.

Optical Axis

The ________ is an imaginary straight line drawn perpendicular to the surface of the mirror at its center.

Opaque

________: only absorbs and reflects light- no light passes through it.

Refraction

________ causes a prism to separate a beam of white light into different colors.

Image

The ________ that a lens forms depends on the shape of the lens.

Concave Mirror

An object closer than one focal length from a(n) ________ produces a virtual image that is upright and larger than the object.

Doppler Effect

The ________ occurs when the source of a sound wave is moving relative to a listener.

Index of Refraction

The ________ is usually largest for solids and smallest for gases.

Transparent

________: transmit almost all the light striking them.

Brightness

________ is the human perception of light intensity.

Cones

________ need bright light to generate nerve impulses, so they do not operate in dim light.

Sound Wave

In a low- amplitude ________, particles are less tightly packed in the compressions and not as far apart in the rarefactions.

Concave Lens

________: thinner in the middle and thicker at the edges.

Decibel

________: Each unit on the scale for sound intensity.

Concave Lenses

________ are used in some types of eyeglasses and some telescopes.

Loudness

________: the human perception of sound intensity.

Mirror

A(n) ________ is any surface that produces a regular reflection.

Pigment

________: a colored material that is used to change the color of other substances.

White Light

________ is produced when the three primary col- ors of light are mixed in equal amounts.

Intensity

________: The amount of energy transferred by a sound wave through a certain area each second.

Lens

A(n) ________ is a transparent object with at least one curved surface that causes light rays to refract.

Frequency

________: a measure of how many wavelengths pass a particular point each second.

Pitch

________: the human perception of the frequency of sound waves.

Diffuse Reflection

________ is a type of scattering that occurs when light waves traveling in one direction are made to travel in many different directions.

Parallel Light Waves

A smooth, even surface such as a pane of glass produces a sharp image by reflecting ________ in only one direction.

Light Sources

________ send out light waves in all directions.

Healthy Eye

In a(n) ________, light enters the eye through the cornea, is focused by the lens, and finally forms an image on the retina.

Mirages

________ result when the air at ground level is much warmer or cooler than the air above.

Doppler Effect

The ________: The change in pitch or frequency due to the relative motion of a wave source.

Concave Mirror

When an object is between one and two focal lengths from a(n) ________, the image is real, inverted, and larger than the object.

Convex Mirror

________: A mirror that curves outward like the back of a spoon.

Light Rays

Seeing an image of yourself in a mirror involves two sets of reflections: ________ are reflected from you and then are reflected by the mirror.

Sound Wave

In a high- amplitude ________, particles are tightly packed in the compressions and far apart in the rarefactions.