Acids, Bases, and Salts Flashcards

A comprehensive set of practice questions and answers covering the properties of acids, bases, and salts, common indicators, the pH scale, and neutralization reactions based on lecture slides.

What are acids defined as in water?

Substances that release hydrogen ions ($H^+$) in water, taste sour, and have a pH below 7.

What are bases defined as in water?

Substances that release hydroxide ions ($OH^-$) in water, feel slippery, and have a pH above 7.

How are salts formed?

Salts are compounds formed when an acid and a base react together.

What is the specific acid found in vinegar?

Acetic acid.

What type of acid is present in lemon juice?

Citric acid.

What acid is typically found in soda drinks?

Carbonic acid.

Give three examples of everyday bases.

Soap, toothpaste, and baking soda.

Give three examples of everyday salts.

Table Salt (Sodium Chloride), sea water, and salted snacks.

What is the purpose of an indicator?

Indicators are special substances that change color to show whether something is an acid, a base, or neutral.

What are the color changes for litmus paper in acids and bases?

Litmus paper turns red in acids and blue in bases.

How does phenolphthalein behave in acidic versus basic solutions?

It appears colorless in acidic solutions (pH below 8.2) and turns pink in basic/alkaline solutions (pH above 8.2).

What are the color changes for methyl orange?

Red in acids and yellow in bases.

How does blue litmus paper react specifically to acids like vinegar or lemon juice?

It turns red.

What is the reaction of litmus paper in neutral substances like pure water or saltwater?

There is no color change.

In the pH scale of 0 to 14, what ranges correspond to acidic, neutral, and basic substances?

0-6 is acidic, 7 is neutral, and 8-14 is basic/alkaline.

Based on the pH scale, which indicates a stronger acid and which indicates a stronger base?

A lower pH indicates a stronger acid, while a higher pH indicates a stronger base.

Define the process of neutralization.

The reaction when an acid reacts with a base to form a salt and water ($Acid + Base \rightarrow Salt + Water$).

Write the chemical equation for the neutralization of hydrochloric acid ($HCl$) and sodium hydroxide ($NaOH$).

$$HCl + NaOH \rightarrow NaCl + H_2O$$

What gas is released by baking soda to put out small fires?

$CO_2$ gas.

What color does Universal Indicator turn in a base like Sodium Hydroxide ($NaOH$) or an acid like Hydrochloric Acid ($HCl$)?

It turns purple for Sodium Hydroxide ($NaOH$) and red for Hydrochloric Acid ($HCl$).

What color does Universal Indicator turn in distilled water?

Green.